Atmospheric Research ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105476 Shuxian Liu , Yan Yin , Hui Xiao , Hui Jiang , Rulin Shi
In order to better understand the effects of ice nucleation on deep convective clouds, two parameterizations that represent the high activation fraction (H-AF case) and low activation fraction (L-AF case) of ice nuclei (IN) are implemented into the Weather Research and forecasting (WRF) model to investigate an extreme real precipitation case. The results indicate that the maximum value of 24-h surface precipitation for the H-AF case is closer to the observation measurement than that for the L-AF case. In early stage of precipitation, increasing IN IN H-AF case leads to the stronger competition for water vapor in homogeneous regime (above the −40 °C level) and a delay in the growth of ice particles. With the development of convective system, a large number of ice particles are generated and there are more supercooled droplets occurring above the −20 °C level in H-AF case, resulting in the significantly increased mass of snow and graupel and heavier precipitation than L-AF case mainly through the processes of R_RCW and R_SML