The Life Span Study (LSS) of Japanese atomic bomb survivors has served as the primary basis for estimates of radiation-related disease risks that inform radiation protection standards. The long-term follow-up of radiation-monitored nuclear workers provides estimates of radiation-cancer associations that complement findings from the LSS. Here, a comparison of radiation-cancer mortality risk estimates derived from the LSS and INWORKS, a large international nuclear worker study, is presented. Restrictions were made, so that the two study populations were similar with respect to ages and periods of exposure, leading to selection of 45,625 A-bomb survivors and 259,350 nuclear workers. For solid cancer, excess relative rates (ERR) per gray (Gy) were 0.28 (90% CI 0.18; 0.38) in the LSS, and 0.29 (90% CI 0.07; 0.53) in INWORKS. A joint analysis of the data allowed for a formal assessment of heterogeneity of the ERR per Gy across the two studies (P = 0.909), with minimal evidence of curvature or of a modifying effect of attained age, age at exposure, or sex in either study. There was evidence in both cohorts of modification of the excess absolute risk (EAR) of solid cancer by attained age, with a trend of increasing EAR per Gy with attained age. For leukemia, under a simple linear model, the ERR per Gy was 2.75 (90% CI 1.73; 4.21) in the LSS and 3.15 (90% CI 1.12; 5.72) in INWORKS, with evidence of curvature in the association across the range of dose observed in the LSS but not in INWORKS; the EAR per Gy was 3.54 (90% CI 2.30; 5.05) in the LSS and 2.03 (90% CI 0.36; 4.07) in INWORKS. These findings from different study populations may help understanding of radiation risks, with INWORKS contributing information derived from cohorts of workers with protracted low dose-rate exposures.

日本原子弹幸存者的寿命研究（LSS）已成为估计辐射相关疾病风险的主要基础，从而为辐射防护标准提供信息。对辐射监测核工作人员的长期跟踪提供了辐射与癌症关联的估计，补充了 LSS 的发现。在此，对 LSS 和 INWORKS（一项大型国际核工人研究）得出的放射癌症死亡风险估计进行了比较。由于做出了限制，两个研究人群在年龄和暴露时间方面都相似，最终选择了 45,625 名原子弹幸存者和 259,350 名核工作人员。对于实体癌，LSS 中每格雷 (Gy) 的超额相对率 (ERR) 为 0.28（90% CI 0.18；0.38），INWORKS 中为 0.29（90% CI 0.07；0.53）。对数据的联合分析允许对两项研究中每 Gy 的 ERR 异质性进行正式评估 ( P  = 0.909)，其中任何一项研究中曲率或达到年龄、暴露年龄或性别的修改效应的证据极少。学习。两个队列中都有证据表明实体癌的超额绝对风险 (EAR) 随年龄增长而变化，并且每 Gy 的 EAR 呈随年龄增长而增加的趋势。对于白血病，在简单线性模型下，LSS 中每 Gy 的 ERR 为 2.75（90% CI 1.73；4.21），INWORKS 中每 Gy 的 ERR 为 3.15（90% CI 1.12；5.72）。在 LSS 中观察到的剂量，但在 INWORKS 中未观察到；LSS 中的每 Gy EAR 为 3.54（90% CI 2.30；5.05），INWORKS 中为 2.03（90% CI 0.36；4.07）。来自不同研究人群的这些发现可能有助于了解辐射风险，INWORKS 提供了从长期低剂量率暴露的工人群体中获得的信息。