Structural protection measures are designed to protect the population and infrastructure against natural hazards up to a specific predefined protection goal. Extreme events with intensities that exceed the capacity of these protection structures are called “cases of overload” and are associated with “residual risks” that remain after the implementation of protection measures. In order to address residual risks and to reduce the damages from overload events, a combination of structural protection measures with additional, nonstructural measures is required. Based on data collected through a literature review, a questionnaire survey, expert interviews, and an expert workshop we highlight the status quo as well as key challenges of dealing with residual risks and cases of overload in Alpine countries in the context of geohydrological hazards and gravitational mass movements. We present a holistic conceptual framework that describes the relationships of residual risks, cases of overload, and protection goals in the context of both risk governance and integrated risk management. This framework is valuable for decision makers aiming at an improved management of natural hazards that takes adequate account of residual risk and cases of overload in Alpine countries and mountain areas worldwide.

结构保护措施旨在保护人口和基础设施免受自然灾害的损害，直至达到特定的预定义保护目标。强度超过这些保护结构能力的极端事件称为“过载案例”，并与在实施保护措施后仍然存在的“残留风险”相关。为了解决残余风险并减少过载事件造成的损害，需要将结构保护措施与其他非结构措施相结合。根据通过文献综述，问卷调查，专家访谈收集的数据，在一个专家研讨会上，我们着重介绍了在地理水文学危害和重力运动的背景下，应对高山国家中剩余风险和超载情况的现状以及面临的主要挑战。我们提供了一个整体的概念框架，该框架在风险治理和集成风险管理的背景下描述了残留风险，超负荷情况和保护目标之间的关系。该框架对于旨在改善自然灾害管理的决策者来说是有价值的，该决策者充分考虑了残留风险和全球高山国家和山区的超载情况。风险治理和综合风险管理中的保护目标。该框架对于旨在改善自然灾害管理的决策者来说是有价值的，该决策者充分考虑了残留风险和全球高山国家和山区的超载情况。风险治理和综合风险管理中的保护目标。该框架对于旨在改善自然灾害管理的决策者来说是有价值的，该决策者充分考虑了残留风险和全球高山国家和山区的超载情况。