Polymer-based dielectric capacitors are widely-used energy storage devices. However, although the functions of dielectrics in applications like high-voltage direct current transmission projects, distributed energy systems, high-power pulse systems and new energy electric vehicles are similar, their requirements can be quite different. Low electric loss is a critical prerequisite for capacitors for electric grids, while high-temperature stability is an essential pre-requirement for those in electric vehicles. This paper reviews recent advances in this area, and categorizes dielectrics in terms of their foremost properties related to their target applications. Requirements for polymer-based dielectrics in various power electronic equipment are emphasized, including high energy storage density, low dissipation, high working temperature and fast-response time. This paper considers innovations including chemical structure modification, composite fabrication and structure re-design, and the enhancements to material performances achieved. The advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed.

聚合物基介电电容器是广泛使用的储能设备。但是，尽管电介质在高压直流输电项目，分布式能源系统，大功率脉冲系统和新能源电动汽车等应用中的功能相似，但它们的要求却可能大不相同。低电损耗是用于电网电容器的关键先决条件，而高温稳定性是电动汽车中的必备先决条件。本文回顾了该领域的最新进展，并根据与目标应用有关的最重要的特性对电介质进行了分类。强调了各种电力电子设备中基于聚合物的电介质的要求，包括高能量存储密度，低耗散，高工作温度和快速响应时间。本文考虑了包括化学结构修改，复合材料制造和结构重新设计在内的创新，以及对材料性能的增强。还讨论了这些方法的优点和局限性。