In this paper, we focus on the camelid nanobodies as a revolutionary therapy that can guide efforts to discover new drugs for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The small size property makes nanobodies capable of penetrating efficiently into tissues and recognizing cryptic antigens. Strong antigen affinity and stability in the gastrointestinal tract allow them to be used via oral administration. In fact, the use of nanobodies as inhalant can be directly delivered to the target organ, conferring high pulmonary drug concentrations and low systemic drug concentrations and minimal systemic side effects. For that, nanobodies are referred as a class of next-generation antibodies. Nanobodies permit the construction of multivalent formats that may achieve ultra-high neutralization potency and then may prevent mutational escape and can neutralize a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to their distinctive characteristics, nanobodies can be of great use in the development of promising treatment or preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, the state-of-the-art of camel nanobodies design strategies against the virus including SARS-CoV-2 are critically summarized. The application of general nanotechnology was also discussed to mitigate and control emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection.

在本文中，我们重点关注骆驼纳米抗体作为一种革命性的疗法，可以指导发现冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）新药的努力。小尺寸的特性使得纳米抗体能够有效地渗透到组织中并识别隐秘的抗原。强大的抗原亲和力和在胃肠道中的稳定性使得它们可以通过口服给药使用。事实上，使用纳米抗体作为吸入剂可以直接递送至靶器官，从而赋予高肺部药物浓度和低全身药物浓度以及最小的全身副作用。因此，纳米抗体被称为一类下一代抗体。纳米抗体允许构建多价形式，可以实现超高中和效力，然后可以防止突变逃逸，并可以中和多种 SARS-CoV-2 变体。由于其独特的特性，纳米抗体在开发针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的有前景的治疗或预防策略方面具有很大的用途。在这篇综述中，批判性地总结了针对包括 SARS-CoV-2 在内的病毒的骆驼纳米抗体设计策略的最新技术。还讨论了通用纳米技术在减轻和控制新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 感染方面的应用。