Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has emerged as an important and cost-effective climate change mitigation strategy internationally. In many localities around the world, REDD+ and related interventions have been superimposed on, and overlap with, existing decentralized institutional arrangements such as community forests. These interventions often modify local institutions through new rules and practices that comply with mostly carbon-related objectives, prompting questions about the compatibility of a top-down mechanism such as REDD+ with the decentralized approaches of community forestry. Thus, we asked: are REDD+ interventions in community forests enhancing or detracting from communities’ abilities to practice adaptive management and governance—key desired components of local social-ecological resilience and the ability of communities to respond to disturbance and global change? We conducted a systematic review of studies examining REDD+ interventions in community forests. We extracted data on 59 case studies reported on in 43 articles, stemming from 14 countries, with two thirds of the cases located in two countries alone. Our meta-analysis found that REDD+ has had mixed impacts on communities’ social-ecological resilience. Increases in network ties, connectivity across scales, and increased participation in decision making are indicators of enhanced potential for local adaptability. However, we also see that, through restrictions on local forest practices, rigidity in rules, and communities’ natural capital being locked into carbon contracts, REDD+ has limited communities’ ability to manage for uncertainty. While not representative of all existing REDD+ projects, our results suggest important implications for REDD+ policymakers and forest-reliant communities engaging in REDD+. Reconciling REDD+ goals with the need for forest communities to retain adaptive capacity will be a challenge moving forward, particularly if REDD+ compromises the ability of forest-reliant communities to respond to unexpected shocks or their ability to adapt to changing environmental or economic conditions.

减少毁林和森林退化造成的排放（REDD+）已成为国际上一项重要且具有成本效益的气候变化缓解战略。在世界各地的许多地方，REDD+ 和相关干预措施已与现有的分散式制度安排（如社区森林）重叠并重叠。这些干预措施通常会通过新的规则和实践来修改当地机构，这些新规则和实践主要符合与碳相关的目标，从而引发了关于 REDD+ 等自上而下机制与社区林业分散方法的兼容性的问题。因此，我们问：REDD+对社区森林的干预是增强还是削弱了社区实施适应性管理和治理的能力——当地社会生态复原力的关键期望组成部分以及社区应对干扰和全球变化的能力？我们对研究社区森林REDD+干预的研究进行了系统评价。我们提取了来自 14 个国家的 43 篇文章中报告的 59 个案例研究的数据，其中三分之二的案例仅位于两个国家。我们的荟萃分析发现，REDD+ 对社区的社会生态复原力产生了不同的影响。网络联系的增加、跨尺度的连通性以及决策参与度的增加是提高当地适应性潜力的指标。然而，我们也看到，通过对当地森林实践的限制、规则的僵化以及社区的自然资本被锁定在碳合同中，REDD+ 限制了社区管理不确定性的能力。虽然不能代表所有现有的 REDD+ 项目，但我们的结果表明对 REDD+ 政策制定者和参与 REDD+ 的依赖森林的社区具有重要意义。协调 REDD+ 目标与森林社区保持适应能力的需要将是一个向前发展的挑战，特别是如果 REDD+ 损害依赖森林的社区应对意外冲击的能力或其适应不断变化的环境或经济条件的能力的话。虽然不能代表所有现有的 REDD+ 项目，但我们的结果表明对 REDD+ 政策制定者和参与 REDD+ 的依赖森林的社区具有重要意义。协调 REDD+ 目标与森林社区保持适应能力的需要将是一个向前发展的挑战，特别是如果 REDD+ 损害依赖森林的社区应对意外冲击的能力或其适应不断变化的环境或经济条件的能力的话。虽然不能代表所有现有的 REDD+ 项目，但我们的结果表明对 REDD+ 政策制定者和参与 REDD+ 的依赖森林的社区具有重要意义。协调 REDD+ 目标与森林社区保持适应能力的需要将是一个向前发展的挑战，特别是如果 REDD+ 损害依赖森林的社区应对意外冲击的能力或其适应不断变化的环境或经济条件的能力的话。