Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. Due to the lack of effective interventions, early and accurate diagnosis for new interventions are emphasized. However, significant neuronal loss and neuropathological lesions can damage the brain substantially before diagnosis. With our growing knowledge of the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory biomarkers are attracting increasing interest in the context of diagnosis. This review is focused on the use of inflammatory biomarkers detected through neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and peripheral blood for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease, and also suggests clinical implications. This review includes the following biomarkers: neuroimaging, various ligands binding to the translocator protein (TSPO); cerebrospinal fluid, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM2), human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and various biomarkers in peripheral blood. Although accumulating evidence has suggested the potential role of these inflammatory biomarkers in diagnosing AD, there are limitations to their use. However, combining these biomarkers with conventional diagnostic clues such as genotype and amyloid pathology may improve the stratification and selection of patients for targeted early interventions.

阿尔茨海默病是最常见的痴呆症。由于缺乏有效的干预措施，因此强调对新干预措施进行早期和准确的诊断。然而，在诊断之前，显着的神经元丢失和神经病理学损伤会严重损害大脑。随着我们对神经炎症在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中作用的认识不断增加，炎症生物标志物在诊断方面越来越受到关注。本综述的重点是使用通过神经影像学、脑脊液和外周血检测到的炎症生物标志物来诊断阿尔茨海默病，并提出了临床意义。本综述包括以下生物标志物：神经影像学、与易位蛋白 (TSPO) 结合的各种配体；脑脊液，在骨髓细胞 (sTREM2)、人软骨糖蛋白-39 (YKL-40) 和单核细胞趋化蛋白 1 (MCP-1) 上表达的可溶性触发受体，以及外周血中的各种生物标志物。尽管越来越多的证据表明这些炎症生物标志物在诊断 AD 中具有潜在作用，但它们的使用存在局限性。然而，将这些生物标志物与基因型和淀粉样蛋白病理等常规诊断线索相结合，可能会改善患者的分层和选择，以进行有针对性的早期干预。它们的使用是有限制的。然而，将这些生物标志物与基因型和淀粉样蛋白病理等常规诊断线索相结合，可能会改善患者的分层和选择，以进行有针对性的早期干预。它们的使用是有限制的。然而，将这些生物标志物与基因型和淀粉样蛋白病理等常规诊断线索相结合，可能会改善患者的分层和选择，以进行有针对性的早期干预。