Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease (or paratuberculosis), a chronic wasting disease of ruminants and other animals resulting from granulomatous enteritis. There are increasing concerns that MAP is zoonotic. The prevalence of Johne's disease is increasing worldwide. In an attempt to control an epidemic of ovine Johne's disease (OJD) in New South Wales (NSW), a government/industry sponsored voluntary vaccination/on-farm management program commenced in 2000. We report herein an observational study of changes in disease prevalence as vaccination progressed, based on abattoir surveillance data for OJD from 1999 to 2009. We also discuss the epidemiological, policy, regulatory, research, economic and sociological elements that contributed to the development of a mature control program, whose aim was to halt the epidemic spread of OJD in a naïve sheep population. Methods: NSW was divided into areas of 'High'(HPA), 'Medium' (MPA) and 'Low'(LPA) OJD prevalence. A killed whole cell vaccine (Gudair®) was administered to sheep from 2000 to 2009. Trained examiners evaluated the viscera of adult sheep carcasses at slaughter for gross evidence of OJD. MAP infection was confirmed by histopathology. Principal findings: From 2000-2009, 12 million vaccine doses were administered in NSW (91%; 10.9 million in the HPA). Many of the vaccinated flocks were suffering > 5% annual mortality in adult sheep, with some individual flocks with 10-15% losses attributable to OJD. A total of 7.6 million carcasses were examined (38%; 2.9 million from the HPA). Overall, 16% of slaughter consignments (sheep consigned to the abattoir from a single vendor) were positive for OJD, of which 94% were from the HPA. In the HPA, the percentage of animals with lesions attributable to OJD at slaughter fell progressively from 2.4% (10,406/432,860) at commencement of vaccination in 2000 to 0.8% (1,573/189,564) by 2009. Herd immunity from vaccination in the HPA was estimated at 70% by 2009. This coincided with a progressive decrease in reports of clinical disease and mortalities in vaccinated flocks. Significance: We show a decrease in the prevalence of lesions attributable to OJD in NSW concomitant with initiation of voluntary vaccination, on-farm management plans, abattoir monitoring and feedback of animal prevalence data to sheep producers. We conclude that a target of ≤ 1% regional prevalence of OJD affected sheep at slaughter is achievable using these interventions.

中文翻译：

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疫苗接种是控制鸟分枝杆菌亚种引起的约翰氏病的可行方法吗？副结核病？1999-2009年澳大利亚新南威尔士州的1200万例羊疫苗接种和760万例cas体检查数据

背景：鸟分枝杆菌亚种。副结核病（MAP）引起约翰内氏病（或副结核病），这是一种由肉芽肿性肠炎引起的反刍动物和其他动物的慢性消耗性疾病。人们越来越担心MAP是人畜共患病的。约翰内氏病的流行在全世界范围内正在增加。为了控制新南威尔士州（NSW）的绵羊Johne病（OJD）流行，政府/行业赞助的自愿疫苗接种/农场管理计划于2000年开始。我们在此报告对疾病流行率变化的观察性研究随着疫苗接种的进展，根据1999至2009年OJD的屠宰场监测数据。我们还讨论了有助于制定成熟的控制计划的流行病学，政策，法规，研究，经济和社会学因素，其目的是制止OJD在天真绵羊种群中的流行。方法：将新南威尔士州分为“高”（HPA），“中”（MPA）和“低”（LPA）OJD患病率。从2000年至2009年，对绵羊施用了一种杀死的全细胞疫苗（Gudair®）。受过训练的检查员在屠宰后评估了成年绵羊car体的内脏，以了解OJD的总体证据。通过组织病理学证实了MAP感染。主要发现：从2000年至2009年，新南威尔士州共接种了1,200万剂疫苗（91％； HPA中为1,090万剂）。成年绵羊中许多接种过的鸡群的年死亡率都超过5％，有些个体鸡群因OJD损失10-15％。总共检查了760万具cas体（38％； HPA 290万具）。总体，屠宰货物中有16％（由单一供应商委托给屠宰场的绵羊）对OJD呈阳性，其中94％来自HPA。在HPA中，宰杀时具有OJD损害的动物所占百分比从2000年开始接种时的2.4％（10,406 / 432,860）逐渐下降到2009年的0.8％（1,573 / 189,564）。HPA中接种牛群的免疫力是估计到2009年这一比例为70％。与此同时，接种疫苗的鸡群的临床疾病和死亡率的报告也逐渐下降。启示：随着新的自愿接种疫苗，农场管理计划，屠宰场监测以及动物流行率数据反馈给绵羊生产者，我们发现新南威尔士州可归因于OJD的皮损发生率下降。