Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil derived from liquefaction of a palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) in glycerol was investigated. To enhance the heating value and reduce the oxygen content of upgraded bio-oil, hydrodeoxygenation of light bio-oil over Ni- and Co-based catalysts on an Al₂O₃ support was performed in a rotating-bed reactor. Two consecutive steps were conducted to produce bio-oil from EFB including (1) microwave-assisted wet torrefaction of EFB and (2) solvothermolysis liquefaction of treated EFB in a Na₂CO₃/glycerol system. The HDO of as-prepared bio-oil was subsequently performed in a unique design reactor possessing a rotating catalyst bed for efficient interaction of a catalyst with bio-oil and facile separation of the catalyst from upgraded bio-oil after the reaction. The reaction was carried out in the presence of each mono- or bimetallic catalyst, namely, Co/Al₂O₃, Ni/Al₂O₃, NiMo/Al₂O₃, and CoMo/Al₂O₃, packed in the rotating-mesh host with a rotation speed of 250 rpm and kept at 300 and 350 °C, 2 MPa hydrogen for 1 h. From the results, the qualities of upgraded bio-oil were substantially improved for all catalysts tested in terms of oxygen reduction and increased high heating value (HHV). Particularly, the NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited the most promising catalyst, providing favorable bio-oil yield and HHV. Remarkably greater energy ratios and carbon recovery together with high H/O, C/O, and H/C ratios were additionally achieved from the NiMo/Al₂O₃ catalyst compared with other catalysts. Cyclopentanone and cyclopentene were the main olefins found in hydrodeoxygenated bio-oil derived from liquefied EFB. It was observed that cyclopentene was first generated and subsequently converted to cyclopentanone under the hydrogenation reaction. These compounds can be further used as a building block in the synthesis of jet-fuel range cycloalkanes.

中文翻译：

---

NiMo / Al ₂ O ₃或CoMo / Al ₂ O ₃催化剂的催化加氢脱氧作用提高甘油中油棕空果束的溶剂热解液化对轻质生物油的降解

研究了棕榈中空果束（EFB）在甘油中液化产生的生物油的加氢脱氧（HDO）。为了提高热值并降低提质的生物油中的氧含量，在旋转床反应器中在Al ₂ O ₃载体上的Ni和Co基催化剂上对轻质生物油进行加氢脱氧。进行了两个连续步骤以从EFB生产生物油，包括（1）微波辅助EFB的湿法焙烧和（2）处理后的EFB在Na ₂ CO _3中的溶剂热解液化/甘油系统。随后，在具有旋转催化剂床的独特设计的反应器中进行制得的生物油的HDO，以使催化剂与生物油有效相互作用，并在反应后将催化剂与提纯的生物油轻松分离。反应在每种单金属或双金属催化剂，即Co / Al ₂ O ₃，Ni / Al ₂ O ₃，NiMo / Al ₂ O ₃和CoMo / Al ₂ O _{3的存在下进行。}装在转速为250 rpm的旋转筛网主体中，并在300和350°C，2 MPa的氢气中保持1小时。从结果来看，就所有测试的催化剂而言，在氧气还原和增加的高热值（HHV）方面，提升后的生物油的质量均得到了显着改善。特别地，NiMo / Al ₂ O ₃催化剂表现出最有前途的催化剂，提供有利的生物油产率和HHV。NiMo / Al ₂ O ₃还可以实现更高的能量比和更高的碳回收率以及更高的H / O，C / O和H / C比催化剂与其他催化剂相比。环戊烷酮和环戊烯是在液化EFB衍生的加氢脱氧生物油中发现的主要烯烃。观察到首先产生环戊烯，然后在氢化反应下转化为环戊酮。这些化合物还可在合成喷气燃料范围的环烷烃中用作结构单元。