We introduce a new and time-efficient memory-encoding paradigm for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This paradigm is optimized for mapping multiple contrasts using a mixed design, using auditory (environmental/vocal) and visual (scene/face) stimuli. We demonstrate that the paradigm evokes robust neuronal activity in typical sensory and memory networks. We were able to detect auditory and visual sensory-specific encoding activities in auditory and visual cortices. Also, we detected stimulus-selective activation in environmental-, voice-, scene-, and face-selective brain regions (parahippocampal place and fusiform face area). A subsequent recognition task allowed the detection of sensory-specific encoding success activity (ESA) in both auditory and visual cortices, as well as sensory-unspecific positive ESA in the hippocampus. Further, sensory-unspecific negative ESA was observed in the precuneus. Among others, the parallel mixed design enabled sustained and transient activity comparison in contrast to rest blocks. Sustained and transient activations showed great overlap in most sensory brain regions, whereas several regions, typically associated with the default-mode network, showed transient rather than sustained deactivation. We also show that the use of a parallel mixed model had relatively little influence on positive or negative ESA. Together, these results demonstrate a feasible, versatile, and brief memory-encoding task, which includes multiple sensory stimuli to guarantee a comprehensive measurement. This task is especially suitable for large-scale clinical or population studies, which aim to test task-evoked sensory-specific and sensory-unspecific memory-encoding performance as well as broad sensory activity across the life span within a very limited time frame.

中文翻译：

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跨感官条件有效映射记忆编码的功能 MRI 范式

我们为功能磁共振成像（fMRI）引入了一种新的、省时的内存编码范例。该范例经过优化，可使用混合设计、听觉（环境/声音）和视觉（场景/面部）刺激来映射多重对比。我们证明该范式在典型的感觉和记忆网络中激发了强大的神经元活动。我们能够检测听觉和视觉皮层中听觉和视觉特定的编码活动。此外，我们还检测到环境、声音、场景和面部选择性大脑区域（海马旁区和梭状面部区域）的刺激选择性激活。随后的识别任务允许检测听觉和视觉皮层中的感觉特异性编码成功活动（ESA），以及海马体中的感觉非特异性阳性 ESA。此外，在楔前叶中观察到感觉非特异性阴性 ESA。其中，并行混合设计能够与其余块进行持续和瞬时活动比较。大多数感觉脑区域的持续和短暂激活显示出很大的重叠，而通常与默认模式网络相关的几个区域则显示出短暂而非持续的失活。我们还表明，使用并行混合模型对正或负 ESA 的影响相对较小。总之，这些结果证明了一种可行、通用且简短的记忆编码任务，其中包括多种感官刺激以保证全面的测量。该任务特别适合大规模临床或群体研究，旨在测试任务诱发的感觉特异性和感觉非特异性记忆编码性能以及在非常有限的时间内跨生命周期的广泛感觉活动。