Learners in the process of developing complex skills need a rich mental model of what such skills entail. Textual analytics rubrics (TR) are a widely used instrument to support formative assessment of complex skills, supporting feedback, reflection, and thus mental model development of complex skills. However, the textual nature of a rubric limits the possibility to deliver contextual and dynamic (time‐and behaviour‐oriented) information. In the Viewbrics online tool, we developed a version supporting the delivery of contextual and dynamic information by adding video‐modelling examples with embedded self‐explanation prompts to textual analytics rubrics. We called this combination as video‐enhanced rubrics (VERs). Our current study investigates whether the Viewbrics online tool supports complex skills development and whether either textual‐ or video‐enhanced rubrics best support complex skills' mastery. The study was a three‐group (VERS n = 49, TR n = 54, control n = 50) within‐subjects design. Learners' performance of complex skills was measured through expert, peer, and self‐assessment using the Viewbrics online tool. A multilevel regression analysis shows learners in the TR and VERS conditions consistently outperforming the control condition to varying degrees across skills. However, no differences have been found between the two experimental conditions. Positive results across different complex skills indicate the Viewbrics online tool can be used to support the development of a wide range of complex skills in secondary education.

中文翻译：

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视频增强型或文字规范：Viewbrics的形成性评估方法是否支持对复杂（21世纪）技能的掌握？

学习者在发展复杂技能的过程中需要丰富的心理模型来说明这些技能的含义。文本分析规范（TR）是一种广泛使用的工具，用于支持对复杂技能的形成性评估，支持反馈，反思，从而支持复杂技能的心理模型开发。但是，标题的文本性质限制了传递上下文和动态（面向时间和行为）信息的可能性。在Viewbrics在线工具中，我们通过将带有嵌入式自解释提示的视频建模示例添加到文本分析标题，开发了一个支持上下文和动态信息传递的版本。我们称此组合为视频增强的标题（VER）。我们当前的研究调查了Viewbrics在线工具是否支持复杂技能的开发，以及文字或视频增强的词条是否最好地支持了复杂技能的掌握。该研究是受试者设计中的三组（VERS n = 49，TR n = 54，对照n = 50）。使用Viewbrics在线工具通过专家，同伴和自我评估来评估学习者的复杂技能表现。多级回归分析显示，处于TR和VERS条件下的学习者在各个技能上始终在不同程度上胜过控制条件。但是，在两个实验条件之间没有发现差异。各种复杂技能的积极结果表明，Viewbrics在线工具可用于支持中学教育中各种复杂技能的开发。