The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect the human microbiome in infected and uninfected individuals, having a substantial impact on human health over the long term. This pandemic intersects with a decades-long decline in microbial diversity and ancestral microbes due to hygiene, antibiotics, and urban living (the hygiene hypothesis). High-risk groups succumbing to COVID-19 include those with preexisting conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, which are also associated with microbiome abnormalities. Current pandemic control measures and practices will have broad, uneven, and potentially long-term effects for the human microbiome across the planet, given the implementation of physical separation, extensive hygiene, travel barriers, and other measures that influence overall microbial loss and inability for reinoculation. Although much remains uncertain or unknown about the virus and its consequences, implementing pandemic control practices could significantly affect the microbiome. In this Perspective, we explore many facets of COVID-19−induced societal changes and their possible effects on the microbiome, and discuss current and future challenges regarding the interplay between this pandemic and the microbiome. Recent recognition of the microbiome’s influence on human health makes it critical to consider both how the microbiome, shaped by biosocial processes, affects susceptibility to the coronavirus and, conversely, how COVID-19 disease and prevention measures may affect the microbiome. This knowledge may prove key in prevention and treatment, and long-term biological and social outcomes of this pandemic.

COVID-19 大流行有可能影响感染者和未感染者的人类微生物组，从长远来看对人类健康产生重大影响。由于卫生、抗生素和城市生活（卫生假说），这场大流行与微生物多样性和祖先微生物长达数十年的下降相交叉。死于 COVID-19 的高危人群包括那些患有糖尿病和肥胖症等既往疾病的人，这些疾病也与微生物组异常有关。鉴于实施物理隔离、广泛的卫生、旅行障碍和其他影响整体微生物损失和无法控制微生物的措施，当前的流行病控制措施和做法将对全球人类微生物群产生广泛、不均匀和潜在的长期影响。再接种。尽管有关该病毒及其后果的许多因素仍不确定或未知，但实施大流行控制措施可能会对微生物组产生重大影响。在本视角中，我们探讨了 COVID-19 引起的社会变化的许多方面及其对微生物组可能产生的影响，并讨论了有关这一流行病与微生物组之间相互作用的当前和未来的挑战。最近人们认识到微生物组对人类健康的影响，因此必须考虑由生物社会过程塑造的微生物组如何影响对冠状病毒的易感性，以及相反，COVID-19 疾病和预防措施如何影响微生物组。这些知识可能对预防和治疗这种流行病以及长期的生物学和社会后果至关重要。