Temporary ponds play a key role as amphibian breeding habitats, but predation and desiccation risks enforce major evolutionary pressures in these ecosystems. The newt Pleurodeles waltl is commonly found in Mediterranean ponds in the Iberian Peninsula, where it preys on a wide variety of organisms. We hypothesize that P. waltl may negatively influence populations of coexisting amphibian larvae in the natural environment. To test it, we monitored the amphibian populations of 21 temporary ponds in Eastern Spain, 10 of which included P. waltl. We visited each pond fortnightly on nine occasions, estimating the abundance of adult P. waltl and tadpoles of each amphibian species present. We built zero‐inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) to test for the effects of pond area and adult and larval P. waltl abundance on tadpole abundance of all amphibian species present. Our results show significant negative effects of P. waltl abundances on the anurans Alytes obstetricans, Epidalea calamita, and Pelodytes punctatus. Species adapted to shorter hydroperiods such E. calamita and P. punctatus show lower densities in the presence of P. waltl larvae. A. obstetricans, with preference for longer hydroperiod ponds, seems to better thrive in sites where the newt is absent. This is the first field work suggesting a negative impact of P. waltl on coexisting anurans, even though more studies are needed to disentangle other negative effects related to unmeasured environmental variables or biotic interactions, which can be important according to the large variation encompassed by the random variables of site and sampling period in the mixed models.

中文翻译：

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1830年的伊比利亚肋new new侧耳菇是否对其他两栖动物的种群造成负面影响？

临时池塘在两栖动物繁殖栖息地中起着关键作用，但是捕食和干旱风险在这些生态系统中施加了重大的进化压力。蝾螈Pleurodeles waltl是在伊比利亚半岛，在那里捕食各种生物的地中海池塘中常见的。我们假设P. waltl可能会对自然环境中同时存在的两栖类幼虫种群产生负面影响。为了对其进行测试，我们监测了西班牙东部21个临时池塘的两栖动物种群，其中10个包括P. waltl。我们每九周两次拜访每个池塘，估计成年P. waltl的数量以及每种两栖动物物种的t。我们建立了零膨胀广义线性混合模型（GLMM），以测试池塘面积以及成年和幼虫P. waltl丰度对所有现存两栖动物种类t的丰度的影响。我们的研究结果显示出显著的负面影响P. waltl丰度的无尾两栖类Alytes obstetricans，Epidalea calamita和Pelodytes毛虫。适应短水周期的物种，如E. calamita和P. punctatus在存在华氏疟原虫幼虫的情况下显示出较低的密度。产妇偏爱较长水周期的池塘，似乎在没有t的地方更加繁荣。这是首次野外研究，表明P. waltl对共存的无氧菌有负面影响，尽管还需要更多的研究来消除与未测环境变量或生物相互作用有关的其他负面影响，这对于根据该物种所涵盖的巨大变化可能是重要的。混合模型中站点和采样周期的随机变量。