The knowledge of the population structure of a given species is of great importance for its conservation and for the management of its fishing exploitation, especially for sharks. The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier Péron&Lesueur, 1822) is an apex predator species that is currently listed as “Near Threatened” on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. In this study, the tiger shark's genetic structure in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (MRR) and oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (FN) was investigated based on one mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA markers. In addition, sequenced data from other geographic sites were added into the mitochondrial analysis. The data showed moderate‐to‐high genetic diversity, and it is consistent with good resilience of G. cuvier in ecological terms. The structuring tests reinforced a global distinction of the species in two lineages, one being from the Indo‐Pacific and the other from the North Atlantic. Also, this analysis showed the close relationship between tiger sharks from Indo‐Pacific and South‐eastern coast of Brazil. The Bayesian and AMOVA tests indicated that tiger sharks from FN and MRR are genetically similar, forming a cohesive population. These analyses support live specimen translocations from beaches (where the attacks occur) to distant marine areas given we detected a historical cohesive population occurring between those beaches from MRR and FN Islands where the sharks migrate. This research is the first that has validated individual translocations as a green strategy in South‐western Atlantic.

中文翻译：

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人口遗传学揭示了先端捕食者Galeocerdo cuvier（炭疽菌）的全球和区域历史，并发表了有关缓解巴西东北部鲨鱼袭击的评论

对给定物种的种群结构的了解对于其保护及其捕捞开发（尤其是鲨鱼）的管理非常重要。虎鲨（Galeocerdo cuvierPéron＆Lesueur，1822年）是一种先头天敌物种，目前在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）濒危物种红色名录中被列为“濒危物种”。在这项研究中，基于一个线粒体和两个核DNA标记，研究了累西腓都会区（MRR）和费尔南多·德诺罗尼亚群岛（FN）的海洋群岛的虎鲨的遗传结构。此外，将来自其他地理位置的测序数据添加到线粒体分析中。数据显示中等至较高的遗传多样性，并且与G. cuvier的良好复原力相一致。从生态角度来讲。结构测试加强了该物种在两个谱系中的全球区分，一个谱系来自印度太平洋，另一个谱系来自北大西洋。此外，该分析还显示了来自印度太平洋和巴西东南海岸的虎鲨之间的密切关系。贝叶斯和AMOVA测试表明，FN和MRR的虎鲨在遗传上相似，形成了紧密的种群。鉴于我们检测到鲨鱼迁徙的MRR和FN群岛的那些海滩之间发生了历史凝聚力种群，这些分析支持了从海滩（发生袭击的地方）到远洋海域的活体标本迁移。这项研究是第一个将个体易位确认为西南大西洋绿色战略的研究。