Unipolar pulses (UPs) are short events characterized by outbursts of electromagnetic (EM) energy from deep within the Earth's crust. First recognized prior to the 2007 M = 5.4 Alum Rock earthquake in northern California, UPs can be as short as 150ms, followed by an overshoot in the opposite polarity direction or by undulations of the EM field lasting from to 2−20 sec. Near Lima, Peru, and Tacna, Peru, thousands of UPs in the 1−3 nT intensity range have been recorded, emitted from the 25−65km depth range, thought to arise in patches at the top of the Benioff Zone of the subducting Nazca Plate. To understand how these EM pulses can be generated deep in the rock column, we consider that rocks contain peroxy defects, typically O₃Si−OO−SiO₃, which, when subjected to increasing deviatoric stresses, break up in two steps. Step I: electrons in the tight non-bonding π^nb molecular orbital decouple by transitioning into the antibonding σ^*-level, where they occupy a significantly larger volume. This volume expansion is possible only, when the internal pressure in the stressed subvolume overcomes its confining pressure. This in turn requires that the number density of peroxy defects in the rock is high enough so that, during the π^nb → σ^* transition of the O⁻−O⁻ bonds, the wave function of their decoupled O⁻ states overlap, causing a solid plasma state with an internal electron degeneration pressure that can force the volume expansion against the load of the overlying rock column. Step II: once the σ^*-level is reached, the decoupled O⁻−O⁻ bonds can dissociate, generating highly mobile charge carriers, electrons e' and holes h•, which can burst out the stressed subvolume causing it to instantly contract again. Thus, UPs appear to be linked to an explosive expansion of stressed subvolumes of rocks against their lithostatic overload, followed by an outburst of electronic charge carriers and concomitant volume contraction.

单极脉冲（UPs）是短暂事件，其特征是地壳深处爆发出电磁（EM）能量。在加利福尼亚北部的2007年M = 5.4矾石地震之前首先被认识到，UPs可能短至150ms，然后在相反的极性方向上出现超调，或者EM场的起伏持续2至20秒。在秘鲁利马和秘鲁塔克纳附近，记录到成千上万个1−3 nT强度范围内的UP，从25−65 km深度范围发射，据认为是在纳斯卡俯冲带贝尼奥夫区顶部的斑块中产生的。盘子。为了了解如何在岩层深处产生这些EM脉冲，我们认为岩石含有过氧缺陷，通常为O ₃ Si-OO-SiO ₃，当受到越来越大的偏应力时，分两步分解。电子在紧非键合：步骤i π ^NB通过转变成反键轨道解耦σ ^* -电平，在那里它们占据显著更大的体积。仅当受压子体积中的内部压力超过其限制压力时，才可能发生这种体积膨胀。这反过来又要求过氧缺陷的岩石中的个数密度为足够高的，使得，在π ^NB →交通σ ^*的O-过渡^- -O ^-债券，其去耦的O波函数^-状态重叠，导致固态等离子体状态具有内部电子退化压力，该压力可迫使体积膨胀克服上覆岩柱的载荷。步骤II：一旦σ ^*达到-电平，去耦ø ^- -O ^-键可以解离，生成高度移动电荷载体，电子E” 和空穴h•，其可以迸发出强调子体积使其立即再次合同。因此，UPs似乎与受压岩石的爆炸性膨胀（针对岩石静力学过载）的爆炸性膨胀有关，随后是电子电荷载体的爆发和随之而来的体积收缩。