The possible responses of Russia to modern challenges to the legislative regulation of navigation along the Northern Sea Route are analyzed against the background of climate change in the Arctic. The authors focus on identifying the best ways to harmonize the status of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the statutory regime of navigation along the Northern Sea Route with the rules of international law, including the framework of a scenario assuming that the waters of the Arctic Ocean will be ice-free for a significant part of the year. The international legal validity of Russia’s policy aimed at preserving the status of its Arctic zone and the Northern Sea Route is revealed; controversial issues in the positions of states, primarily the United States, regarding the status of this route are examined. Possible interpretations of Article 234 of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (on ice-covered areas) are considered as applied to the Northern Sea Route. Substantively analyzing the disagreements between Russia and the United States, the authors show that their essence is in an attempt by the United States to revise the regime of the Vilkitskii Strait and some other Arctic straits of Russia as its internal waters that have been developed and maintained for centuries. Ways of ensuring the interests of the Russian Federation in its Arctic zone based on cooperation primarily with the countries of the Arctic Council are shown.

中文翻译：

---

北海航线：解决政治和法律问题

在北极气候变化的背景下，分析了俄罗斯对北海航线航行立法监管现代挑战的可能反应。作者专注于确定将俄罗斯联邦北极地区的地位和沿北海航线的法定航行制度与国际法规则相协调的最佳方式，包括假设北极水域的情景框架北冰洋将在一年中的大部分时间里无冰。揭示俄罗斯旨在维护其北极地区和北方航道地位的政策的国际法律效力；审查了各州，主要是美国，关于这条路线的地位的有争议的问题。1982 年联合国海洋法公约第 234 条（关于冰覆盖区）的可能解释被认为适用于北海航线。作者对俄美之间的分歧进行了实质性的分析，表明其本质是美国企图将维尔基茨基海峡和俄罗斯其他一些北极海峡的政权修改为俄罗斯已开发和维护的内水。数百年。展示了在主要与北极理事会国家合作的基础上确保俄罗斯联邦在其北极地区利益的方法。作者表明，它们的实质是美国试图修改俄罗斯的维尔基茨基海峡和其他一些北极海峡作为其已开发和维护了几个世纪的内水的政权。展示了在主要与北极理事会国家合作的基础上确保俄罗斯联邦在其北极地区利益的方法。作者表明，它们的实质是美国企图修改维尔基茨基海峡和俄罗斯其他一些北极海峡的政权，将其作为已经开发和维护了几个世纪的内水。展示了在主要与北极理事会国家合作的基础上确保俄罗斯联邦在其北极地区利益的方法。