Indoor pollution of air by formaldehyde poses a serious threat to human health because formaldehyde causes illnesses and discomfort even at low levels, thus calling for abatement techniques. Techniques include absorption, physisorption, chemisorption, biological and botanical filtration, photocatalytic decomposition, membrane separation, plasma and catalytic oxidation. Here we review the principles, performances, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, with focus on catalytic oxidation, adsorption and the use of nanofibrous membranes. Supported noble metal and metal oxide-based materials are efficient catalysts for oxidation. We present photocatalytic oxidation under UV, visible and solar light using composites. Chemisorption method is reviewed with focus on amino-containing adsorbents, conditions of temperature and relative humidity and surface properties. Nanofibrous membranes display high density of active sites for pollutant interactions and allow formaldehyde removal without leaching out of catalyst nanoparticles or adsorbents.

甲醛对室内空气的污染对人类健康构成严重威胁，因为甲醛即使在低水平下也会引起疾病和不适，因此需要减排技术。技术包括吸收，物理吸附，化学吸附，生物和植物过滤，光催化分解，膜分离，等离子体和催化氧化。在这里，我们重点介绍这些技术的原理，性能，优点和缺点，重点是催化氧化，吸附和纳米纤维膜的使用。负载的贵金属和金属氧化物基材料是氧化的有效催化剂。我们介绍了使用复合材料在紫外线，可见光和太阳光下的光催化氧化。化学吸附法的研究重点是含氨基的吸附剂，温度，相对湿度和表面特性的条件。纳米纤维膜显示出高密度的活性位点，可与污染物发生相互作用，并允许甲醛去除而不会从催化剂纳米颗粒或吸附剂中浸出。