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Trophic consequences of terrestrial eutrophication for a threatened ungulate
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2811
Robert Serrouya 1 , Melanie Dickie 1 , Clayton Lamb 2 , Harry van Oort 3 , Allicia P. Kelly 4 , Craig DeMars 1 , Philip D. McLoughlin 5 , Nicholas C. Larter 6 , Dave Hervieux 7 , Adam T. Ford 2 , Stan Boutin 8
Affiliation  

Changes in primary productivity have the potential to substantially alter food webs, with positive outcomes for some species and negative outcomes for others. Understanding the environmental context and species traits that give rise to these divergent outcomes is a major challenge to the generality of both theoretical and applied ecology. In aquatic systems, nutrient-mediated eutrophication has led to major declines in species diversity, motivating us to seek terrestrial analogues using a large-mammal system across 598 000 km2 of the Canadian boreal forest. These forests are undergoing some of the most rapid rates of land-use change on Earth and are home to declining caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations. Using satellite-derived estimates of primary productivity, coupled with estimates of moose (Alces alces) and wolf (Canis lupus) abundance, we used path analyses to discriminate among hypotheses explaining how habitat alteration can affect caribou population growth. Hypotheses included food limitation, resource dominance by moose over caribou, and apparent competition with predators shared between moose and caribou. Results support apparent competition and yield estimates of wolf densities (1.8 individuals 1000 km−2) above which caribou populations decline. Our multi-trophic analysis provides insight into the cascading effects of habitat alteration from forest cutting that destabilize terrestrial predator–prey dynamics. Finally, the path analysis highlights why conservation actions directed at the proximate cause of caribou decline have been more successful in the near term than those directed further along the trophic chain.

中文翻译:

陆地富营养化对受威胁有蹄类动物的营养后果

初级生产力的变化有可能显着改变食物网,对某些物种产生积极影响,对另一些物种产生消极影响。了解导致这些不同结果的环境背景和物种特征是对理论和应用生态学普遍性的重大挑战。在水生系统中,养分介导的富营养化导致物种多样性大幅下降,促使我们在 598 000 平方公里的加拿大北方森林中使用大型哺乳动物系统寻找陆地类似物。这些森林正在经历地球上一些最快速的土地利用变化,并且是驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus caribou)种群减少的家园。使用卫星得出的初级生产力估计值,再加上对驼鹿 (Alces alces) 和狼 (Canis lupus) 丰度的估计,我们使用路径分析来区分解释栖息地改变如何影响驯鹿种群增长的假设。假设包括食物限制、驼鹿对驯鹿的资源优势,以及与驼鹿和驯鹿共享的捕食者的明显竞争。结果支持狼密度(1.8 只个体 1000 km-2)的明显竞争和产量估计,高于该密度,驯鹿种群会下降。我们的多营养分析提供了对栖息地改变的级联效应的洞察,森林砍伐破坏了陆地捕食者 - 猎物动态。最后,
更新日期:2021-01-20
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