Purpose To assess gaze evoked deformations of the optic nerve head (ONH) in thyroid eye disease (TED), using computational modelling and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Multiple finite element models were constructed: one model of a healthy eye, and two models mimicking effects of TED; one with proptosis and another with extraocular tissue stiffening. Two additional hypothetical models had extraocular tissue softening or no extraocular tissue at all. Horizontal eye movements were simulated in these models. OCT images of the ONH of 10 healthy volunteers and 1 patient with TED were taken in primary gaze. Additional images were recorded in the same subjects performing eye movements in adduction and abduction. The resulting ONH deformation in the models and human subjects was measured by recording the ‘tilt angle’ (relative antero-posterior deformation of the Bruch’s membrane opening). Results In our computational models the eyes with proptosis and stiffer extraocular tissue had greater gaze-evoked deformations than the healthy eye model, while the models with softer or no extraocular tissue had lesser deformations, in both adduction and abduction. In healthy subjects, the mean tilt angle was 1.46°±0.25 in adduction and −0.42°±0.12 in abduction. The tilt angle measured in the subject with TED was 5.37° in adduction and −2.21° in abduction. Conclusion Computational modelling and experimental observation suggest that TED can cause increased gaze-evoked deformations of the ONH. No data are available.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺眼病中视神经乳头的凝视诱发变形

目的使用计算模型和光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 评估甲状腺眼病 (TED) 中视神经乳头 (ONH) 的凝视诱发变形。方法构建多个有限元模型：一个健康眼睛模型，两个模拟TED效果的模型；一个有眼球突出，另一个有眼外组织硬化。另外两个假设模型具有眼外组织软化或根本没有眼外组织。在这些模型中模拟了水平眼球运动。在主要凝视下拍摄了 10 名健康志愿者和 1 名 TED 患者的 ONH 的 OCT 图像。在进行内收和外展的眼球运动的相同受试者中记录了额外的图像。通过记录“倾斜角”（Bruch 膜开口的相对前后变形）来测量模型和人类受试者中产生的 ONH 变形。结果在我们的计算模型中，眼球突出和眼外组织较硬的眼睛比健康眼睛模型具有更大的凝视诱发变形，而具有较软或没有眼外组织的模型在内收和外展方面的变形较小。在健康受试者中，内收时平均倾斜角为 1.46°±0.25，外展时平均倾斜角为 -0.42°±0.12。在 TED 受试者中测量的倾斜角在内收时为 5.37°，外展时为 -2.21°。结论 计算建模和实验观察表明，TED 可导致 ONH 的凝视诱发变形增加。没有可用的数据。结果在我们的计算模型中，眼球突出和眼外组织较硬的眼睛比健康眼睛模型具有更大的凝视诱发变形，而具有较软或没有眼外组织的模型在内收和外展方面的变形较小。在健康受试者中，内收时平均倾斜角为 1.46°±0.25，外展时平均倾斜角为 -0.42°±0.12。在 TED 受试者中测量的倾斜角在内收时为 5.37°，外展时为 -2.21°。结论 计算建模和实验观察表明，TED 可导致 ONH 的凝视诱发变形增加。没有可用的数据。结果在我们的计算模型中，眼球突出和眼外组织较硬的眼睛比健康眼睛模型具有更大的凝视诱发变形，而具有较软或没有眼外组织的模型在内收和外展方面的变形较小。在健康受试者中，内收时平均倾斜角为 1.46°±0.25，外展时平均倾斜角为 -0.42°±0.12。在 TED 受试者中测量的倾斜角在内收时为 5.37°，外展时为 -2.21°。结论 计算建模和实验观察表明，TED 可导致 ONH 的凝视诱发变形增加。没有可用的数据。在内收和绑架。在健康受试者中，内收时平均倾斜角为 1.46°±0.25，外展时平均倾斜角为 -0.42°±0.12。在 TED 受试者中测量的倾斜角在内收时为 5.37°，外展时为 -2.21°。结论 计算建模和实验观察表明，TED 可导致 ONH 的凝视诱发变形增加。没有可用的数据。在内收和绑架。在健康受试者中，内收时平均倾斜角为 1.46°±0.25，外展时平均倾斜角为 -0.42°±0.12。在 TED 受试者中测量的倾斜角在内收时为 5.37°，外展时为 -2.21°。结论 计算建模和实验观察表明，TED 可导致 ONH 的凝视诱发变形增加。没有可用的数据。