Multilayer Laue lenses are diffractive optics for hard X-rays. To achieve high numerical aperture and resolution, diffracting structures of nanometer periods are required in such lenses, and a thickness (in the direction of propagation) of several micrometers is needed for high diffracting efficiency. Such structures must be oriented to satisfy Bragg’s law, which can only be achieved consistently over the entire lens if the layers vary in their tilt relative to the incident beam. The correct tilt, for a particular wavelength, can be achieved with a very simple technique of using a straight-edge mask to give the necessary gradient of the layers. An analysis of the properties of lenses cut from such a shaded profile is presented and it is shown how to design, prepare, and characterize matched pairs of lenses that operate at a particular wavelength and focal length. It is also shown how to manufacture lenses with ideal curved layers for optimal efficiency.

中文翻译：

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掩模沉积制备的X射线多层Laue透镜的分析

多层劳厄透镜是用于硬X射线的衍射光学器件。为了获得高数值孔径和分辨率，在这种透镜中需要纳米周期的衍射结构，并且为了高衍射效率需要几微米的厚度（在传播方向上）。这样的结构必须被定向为满足布拉格定律，这仅在各层相对于入射光束的倾斜度变化时才能在整个透镜上一致地实现。对于特定的波长，可以使用非常简单的技术来实现正确的倾斜，该技术使用直边掩模提供必要的层梯度。剖析了从这种阴影轮廓切出的镜片的特性，并展示了如何设计，准备，并表征在特定波长和焦距下工作的匹配透镜对。还显示了如何制造具有理想曲面层的透镜以实现最佳效率。