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Comparative genomics of cetartiodactyla: energy metabolism underpins the transition to an aquatic lifestyle
Conservation Physiology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 , DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa136
Davina Derous 1 , Jagajjit Sahu 1 , Alex Douglas 1 , David Lusseau 1, 2 , Marius Wenzel 1, 3
Affiliation  

Foraging disruption caused by human activities is emerging as a key issue in cetacean conservation because it can affect nutrient levels and the amount of energy available to individuals to invest into reproduction. Our ability to predict how anthropogenic stressors affect these ecological processes and ultimately population trajectory depends crucially on our understanding of the complex physiological mechanisms that detect nutrient availability and regulate energy metabolism, foraging behavior and life-history decisions. These physiological mechanisms are likely to differ considerably from terrestrial mammalian model systems. Here, we examine nucleotide substitution rates in cetacean and other artiodactyl genomes to identify signatures of selection in genes associated with nutrient sensing pathways. We also estimated the likely physiological consequences of adaptive amino acid substitutions for pathway functions. Our results highlight that genes involved in the insulin, mTOR and NF-ĸB pathways are subject to significant positive selection in cetaceans compared to terrestrial artiodactyla. These genes may have been positively selected to enable cetaceans to adapt to a glucose-poor diet, to overcome deleterious effects caused by hypoxia during diving (e.g. oxidative stress and inflammation) and to modify fat-depot signaling functions in a manner different to terrestrial mammals. We thus show that adaptation in cetaceans to an aquatic lifestyle significantly affected functions in nutrient sensing pathways. The use of fat stores as a condition index in cetaceans may be confounded by the multiple and critical roles fat has in regulating cetacean metabolism, foraging behavior and diving physiology.

中文翻译:

cetartiodactyla的比较基因组学:能量代谢支持向水生生活方式的过渡

由人类活动引起的觅食破坏已成为鲸类保护的关键问题,因为它会影响营养水平和个人可用于投资繁殖的能量。我们预测人为压力源如何影响这些生态过程以及最终人口轨迹的能力至关重要,这取决于我们对检测营养物可利用性并调节能量代谢,觅食行为和生活史决策的复杂生理机制的理解。这些生理机制可能与陆地哺乳动物模型系统有很大不同。在这里,我们研究了鲸类动物和其他偶蹄动物基因组中的核苷酸取代率,以确定与营养物感应途径相关的基因中选择的特征。我们还估计了通路功能的自适应氨基酸替代可能的生理后果。我们的结果突出表明,与陆生动臂动物相比,参与鲸类动物的胰岛素,mTOR和NF-ĸB途径的基因受到显着阳性选择。可能已经对这些基因进行了积极的选择,以使鲸类动物能够适应低糖饮食,克服潜水时因缺氧引起的有害影响(例如氧化应激和炎症),并以不同于陆地哺乳动物的方式改变脂肪贮藏所的信号传导功能。因此,我们表明,鲸类对水生生活方式的适应显着影响了营养物传感途径的功能。
更新日期:2021-01-20
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