Plastic pollutants are novel environmental stressors that are now persistent components of natural ecosystems. Endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols that leach out of plastics can modify physiological responses of animals by interfering with hormone signalling. Here, we tested whether three commonly produced bisphenols, bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), impair thermal acclimation of swimming performance and metabolic enzyme [citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] activities in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). We found that exposure to 30-μg l⁻¹ BPF and BPS, but not BPA, reduced swimming performance, and no interactions between bisphenol exposure and acclimation (3 weeks to 18°C and 28°C) or acute test (18°C and 28°C) temperatures were found. BPA interacted with acclimation and acute test temperatures to determine CS activity, an indicator of mitochondrial density and aerobic metabolic capacity. BPS reduced CS activity and an interaction (at a one-tailed significance) between acclimation temperature and BPF exposure determined CS activity. LDH activity reflects anaerobic ATP production capacity, and BPA and BPF altered the effects of thermal acclimation and acute test temperatures on LDH activity. Our data show that all bisphenols we tested at ecologically relevant concentrations can disrupt the thermal responses of fish. BPS and BPF are used as environmentally safer alternatives to BPA, but our data show that these bisphenols are also of concern, particularly in thermally variable environments.

中文翻译：

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双酚会改变斑马鱼的热响应和性能（Danio rerio）

塑料污染物是新型的环境压力源，现已成为自然生态系统的持久组成部分。从塑料中浸出的破坏内分泌的化学物质（例如双酚）可以通过干扰激素信号来改变动物的生理反应。在这里，我们测试了三种常见的双酚，双酚A（BPA），双酚F（BPF）和双酚S（BPS），游泳性能和代谢酶[柠檬酸合酶（CS）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）]的热适应性是否受损。斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的活动。我们发现暴露于30μgl ^-1BPF和BPS（而不是BPA）降低了游泳性能，并且双酚暴露与适应（3周至18°C和28°C）或急性试验（18°C和28°C）温度之间没有相互作用。BPA与适应和急性测试温度相互作用，以确定CS活性，CS活性是线粒体密度和有氧代谢能力的指标。BPS降低了CS活性，适应温度和BPF暴露之间的相互作用（单尾显着性）决定了CS活性。LDH活性反映了厌氧ATP的生产能力，而BPA和BPF改变了热适应和急性测试温度对LDH活性的影响。我们的数据表明，我们在生态相关浓度下测试的所有双酚都可能破坏鱼类的热响应。BPS和BPF被用作BPA的环保替代品，