Lycoris species have great ornamental and medicinal values; however, their low regeneration efficiency significantly restricts their commercial production. Exogenous hormone application is an effective way to promote bulblet development, but their effect on Lycoris radiata has not been verified to date. In the present study, we examined the effect of different exogenous hormones on bulblet development in L. radiata, and found that gibberellic acid (GA) significantly inhibited, whereas paclobutrazol (PBZ), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethrel promoted bulblet development, especially PBZ, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Furthermore, GA reduced endogenous cytokinin (CK) content, as well as the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, including sucrose synthase (SUS) and glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (AGPase), by downregulating the expression levels of LrSUS1, LrSUS2, and genes encoding AGPase large and small subunits. This resulted in the decrease in carbohydrate accumulation in the bulblets, thus hindering their development. PBZ had the opposite effect to GA on carbohydrate metabolism; it decreased endogenous GA₁₅ and GA₂₄, thereby promoting bulblet development. ABA promoted endogenous auxin content and the activities of starch synthesis enzymes, especially soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule-bound SS (GBSS), through the up-regulation of the expression levels of LrSS1, LrSS2, and LrGBSS1 genes, which could also result in the accumulation of carbohydrates in the bulblets and promote their development. In addition, ethrel application partly promoted bulblet development by promoting endogenous CK content. Although the accumulation of carbohydrates and the activity of starch enzymes were increased by ethrel treatment, we hypothesized that the effect of ethrel on regulating carbohydrate metabolism may be indirect. Our results could provide a basis for improving the propagation efficiency of L. radiata for production, as well as propose some directions for future research.

石蒜属物种具有很高的观赏和药用价值；然而，它们的低再生效率显着限制了其商业生产。外源激素的应用是促进鳞茎发育的有效方法，但它们对辐射石蒜尚未验证。在本研究中，我们研究了不同的外源激素对家兔鳞茎发育的影响。辐射乳杆菌，并发现赤霉素（GA）显着抑制，而多效唑（PBZ），脱落酸（ABA）和乙醛促进球茎发育，特别是PBZ，GA生物合成抑制剂。此外，GA可以通过下调内源性细胞分裂素（CK）的表达水平来降低内源性细胞分裂素（CK）的含量以及碳水化合物代谢酶的活性，包括蔗糖合酶（SUS）和葡萄糖-1-磷酸腺苷酸转移酶（AGPase）。LsSUS1， SUS2，以及编码AGPase大和小亚基的基因。这导致了小球中碳水化合物积累的减少，从而阻碍了小球的发育。PBZ对GA的碳水化合物代谢具有相反的作用。它降低了内源性GA ₁₅和GA ₂₄，从而促进了小球的发育。通过上调ABA的表达水平，ABA促进了内源性生长素的含量以及淀粉合成酶（特别是可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）和颗粒结合SS（GBSS））的活性。LrSS1， LsSS2和 LrGBSS1基因，也可能导致小球中碳水化合物的积累并促进其发育。此外，通过增加内源性CK含量，使用乙炔可以部分促进小球的发育。尽管通过乙醛处理增加了碳水化合物的积累和淀粉酶的活性，但我们推测乙醛对调节碳水化合物代谢的作用可能是间接的。我们的研究结果可为提高玉米的传播效率提供基础。辐射乳杆菌 进行生产，并提出一些未来研究的方向。