Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image which usually leads to low caloric intake and hyperactivity. The underlying mechanism and pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa is still poorly understood. In order to learn more about the underlying pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and to find further possible treatment options, several animal models mimicking anorexia nervosa have been developed. The aim of this review is to systematically search different databases and provide an overview of existing animal models and to discuss the current knowledge gained from animal models of anorexia nervosa. For the systematic data search, the Pubmed—Medline database, Embase database, and Web of Science database were searched. After removal of duplicates and the systematic process of selection, 108 original research papers were included in this systematic review. One hundred and six studies were performed with rodents and 2 on monkeys. Eighteen different animal models for anorexia nervosa were used in these studies. Parameters assessed in many studies were body weight, food intake, physical activity, cessation of the estrous cycle in female animals, behavioral changes, metabolic and hormonal alterations. The most commonly used animal model (75 of the studies) is the activity-based anorexia model in which typically young rodents are exposed to time-reduced access to food (a certain number of hours a day) with unrestricted access to a running wheel. Of the genetic animal models, one that is of particular interest is the anx/anx mice model. Animal models have so far contributed many findings to the understanding of mechanisms of hunger and satiety, physical activity and cognition in an underweight state and other mechanisms relevant for anorexia nervosa in humans.

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神经性厌食症动物模型——系统评价

神经性厌食症是一种饮食失调症，其特征是对体重增加的强烈恐惧和扭曲的身体形象，这通常会导致低热量摄入和多动症。神经性厌食症的潜在机制和发病机制仍知之甚少。为了更多地了解神经性厌食症的潜在病理生理学并寻找进一步可能的治疗方案，已经开发了几种模拟神经性厌食症的动物模型。本综述的目的是系统地搜索不同的数据库并提供现有动物模型的概述，并讨论从神经性厌食症动物模型中获得的当前知识。对于系统数据搜索，搜索了 Pubmed-Medline 数据库、Embase 数据库和 Web of Science 数据库。在去除重复和系统的选择过程之后，本系统评价收录了 108 篇原创研究论文。对啮齿动物进行了 106 项研究，对猴子进行了 2 项研究。在这些研究中使用了 18 种不同的神经性厌食症动物模型。许多研究中评估的参数是体重、食物摄入量、体力活动、雌性动物发情周期的停止、行为变化、代谢和激素变化。最常用的动物模型（其中 75 项研究）是基于活动的厌食症模型，在该模型中，通常年轻的啮齿动物接触食物的时间会减少（每天一定数量的小时），但可以不受限制地使用跑步轮。在遗传动物模型中，特别令人感兴趣的是 anx/anx 小鼠模型。