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Sea Urchin as a Universal Model for Studies of Gene Networks
Frontiers in Genetics ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 , DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.627259
Leonid Adonin , Anatoliy Drozdov , Nickolai A. Barlev

The purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus has been used for over 150 years as a model organism in developmental biology. Using this model species, scientists have been able to describe, in detail, the mechanisms of cell cycle control and cell adhesion, fertilization, calcium signaling, cell differentiation, and death. Massive parallel sequencing of the sea urchin genome enabled the deciphering of the main components of gene regulatory networks during the activation of embryonic signaling pathways. This knowledge helped to extrapolate aberrations in somatic cells that may lead to diseases, including cancer in humans. Furthermore, since many, if not all, developmental signaling pathways were shown to be controlled by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the sea urchin organism represents an attractive experimental model. In this review, we discuss the main discoveries in the genetics, genomics, and transcriptomics of sea urchins during embryogenesis with the main focus on the role of ncRNAs. This information may be useful for comparative studies between different organisms, and may help identify new regulatory networks controlled by ncRNAs.



中文翻译:

海胆作为基因网络研究的通用模型

紫海胆 紫轮虫在发育生物学中已作为模型生物使用了150多年。使用这种模型物种,科学家已经能够详细描述细胞周期控制和细胞粘附,受精,钙信号传导,细胞分化和死亡的机制。海胆基因组的大规模并行测序使得能够在激活胚胎信号通路的过程中破译基因调控网络的主要组成部分。这些知识有助于推断可能导致人类癌症等疾病的体细胞畸变。此外,由于许多(甚至不是全部)发育信号通路均显示受非编码RNA(ncRNA)的控制,因此海胆生物代表了一种引人注目的实验模型。在这篇评论中,我们讨论了遗传学,基因组学,胚胎发生过程中海胆的转录和转录组学研究,主要侧重于ncRNA的作用。此信息可能对不同生物之间的比较研究有用,并且可能有助于确定由ncRNA控制的新调控网络。

更新日期:2021-01-20
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