Reductions in crop yields brought about by abiotic stress are expected to increase as climate change, and other factors, generate harsher environmental conditions in regions traditionally used for cultivation. Although breeding and genetically modified and edited organisms have generated many varieties with greater abiotic stress tolerance, their practical use depends on lengthy processes, such as biological cycles and legal aspects. On the other hand, a non-genetic approach to improve crop yield in stress conditions involves the exogenous application of natural compounds, including plant metabolites. In this review, we examine the recent literature related to the application of different natural primary (proline, l-tryptophan, glutathione, and citric acid) and secondary (polyols, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, glycine betaine, α-tocopherol, and melatonin) plant metabolites in improving tolerance to abiotic stress. We focus on drought, saline, heavy metal, and temperature as environmental parameters that are forecast to become more extreme or frequent as the climate continues to alter. The benefits of such applications are often evaluated by measuring their effects on metabolic, biochemical, and morphological parameters in a variety of crop plants, which usually result in improved yields when applied in greenhouse conditions or in the field. As this strategy has proven to be an effective way to raise plant tolerance to abiotic stress, we also discuss the prospect of its widespread implementation in the short term.

中文翻译：

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作物物种的非生物胁迫：通过应用植物代谢物提高耐受性

随着气候变化和其他因素在传统上用于耕种的地区产生更严酷的环境条件，非生物胁迫导致的农作物减产有望增加。尽管育种以及经过基因改造和编辑的生物已经产生了许多具有更高非生物胁迫耐受性的品种，但它们的实际使用取决于漫长的过程，例如生物周期和法律方面。另一方面，在胁迫条件下提高作物产量的非遗传方法涉及外源应用天然化合物，包括植物代谢产物。在这次审查中，我们研究最近涉及到不同的自然初级（脯氨酸，应用文献升-色氨酸，谷胱甘肽和柠檬酸）和次生（多元醇，抗坏血酸，硫辛酸，甘氨酸甜菜碱，α-生育酚和褪黑激素）植物代谢产物，可改善对非生物胁迫的耐受性。我们关注干旱，盐分，重金属和温度作为环境参数，随着气候的不断变化，这些参数预计将变得更加极端或频繁。通常通过测量它们对多种农作物中代谢，生化和形态参数的影响来评估此类应用的好处，当在温室条件下或田间应用时，通常可提高产量。由于该策略已被证明是提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性的有效方法，因此我们也讨论了短期内广泛实施该方法的前景。