Oxidative stress may be defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system to counteract or detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Many of the risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, involving an elevated oxidative stress burden (either due to enhanced ROS production or decreased antioxidant protection). There are many therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the utility of antioxidant supplementation. However, whether antioxidant supplementation has any preventive and/or therapeutic value in cardiovascular pathology is still a matter of debate. In this review, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress biomarkers in several cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the clinical implications of the supplementation with several classes of antioxidants, and their potential role for protecting against cardiovascular risk factors.

中文翻译：

---

补充抗氧化剂在临床实践中的作用：关注心血管危险因素

氧化应激可以定义为活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化系统之间的不平衡，以抵消或解毒这些潜在的破坏性分子。这种现象是许多人类疾病的共同特征，例如心血管疾病。许多危险因素，包括吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病和肥胖，都与罹患心血管疾病的风险增加有关，其中包括氧化应激负担升高（由于活性氧产生增强或抗氧化保护减少）。有许多治疗选择可以治疗氧化应激相关的心血管疾病。许多研究都集中在补充抗氧化剂的效用上。然而，抗氧化剂补充剂在心血管病理学中是否具有任何预防和/或治疗价值仍存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们详细描述了几种心血管危险因素中的氧化应激生物标志物。我们还讨论了补充几类抗氧化剂的临床意义，以及它们在预防心血管危险因素方面的潜在作用。