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Assessing Extensive Semi-Arid Rangeland Beef Cow-Calf Welfare in Namibia. Part 2: Categorisation and Scoring of Welfare Assessment Measures
Animals ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.3390/ani11020250
Yolande Baby Kaurivi , Richard Laven , Rebecca Hickson , Tim Parkinson , Kevin Stafford

This paper aims to develop standards for a welfare assessment protocol by validating potential categorisation thresholds for assessing beef farms in various beef cow-calf production systems in Namibia. Forty measures, combined from a New Zealand-based protocol plus Namibia-specific measures, are applied to 55 beef farms (17 commercial farms, 20 semi-commercial and 18 communal village farms) during pregnancy testing, and a questionnaire guided interview. The categorised measures on a 3-point welfare score (0: good, 1: marginal, and 2: poor/unacceptable welfare) are subsequently compared with the derivation of thresholds based upon the poorest 15% and best 50% of herds for each measure. The overall combined thresholds of continuous measures across the three farm types show 10/22 measures that posed welfare compromise across Namibia, whereas commercial farms have 4/22 measures, and semi-commercial and communal village farms have 12/22 and 11/22, respectively, with high thresholds. Most measures-imposed thresholds are retained because of significant importance to the welfare of animals and preventiveness of the traits, while leniency was given to adjust good feeding and mortality measures to signify periods of drought. Handling measures (fearful, falling/lying) and abrasions thresholds are adjusted to reflect the temporary stress caused by infrequent cattle handling, and faulty yard designs/design and possible cattle breed influence on handling. Hence, Namibia needs prioritised investigation of underlying contributing factors and remediation to reduce the high thresholds.

中文翻译:

在纳米比亚评估广泛的半干旱牧场牛犊牛福利。第2部分:福利评估措施的分类和评分

本文旨在通过验证用于评估纳米比亚各种肉牛犊生产系统中的肉牛场的潜在分类阈值,来制定福利评估协议的标准。40种措施(结合基于新西兰的协议和特定于纳米比亚的措施)在怀孕测试期间应用于55个肉牛农场(17个商业农场,20个半商业农场和18个公共乡村农场),并接受问卷调查访谈。随后将三点福利得分(0:好,1:边际和2:差/不可接受的福利)的分类度量与基于每种度量的最贫困的15%和最佳50%的畜群得出的阈值进行比较。三种农场类型的连续措施的总体总阈值表明,在纳米比亚,有10/22项措施造成了福利受损,而商业农场的措施为4/22,半商业和公共村庄的农场分别为12/22和11/22,且门槛很高。由于对动物的福祉和性状的预防非常重要,因此保留了大多数措施设定的阈值,同时宽大处理以调整良好的喂养和死亡措施以表示干旱时期。调整处理措施(恐惧,跌倒/躺倒)和磨损阈值,以反映因不经常处理牛,院子设计/设计错误以及牛的品种对处理造成的暂时压力。因此,纳米比亚需要对潜在的影响因素和补救措施进行优先调查,以降低较高的门槛。分别具有高阈值。由于对动物的福祉和性状的预防非常重要,因此保留了大多数措施设定的阈值,同时宽大处理以调整良好的喂养和死亡措施以表示干旱时期。调整处理措施(恐惧,跌倒/躺倒)和磨损阈值,以反映因不经常处理牛,院子设计/设计错误以及牛的品种对处理造成的暂时压力。因此,纳米比亚需要对潜在的影响因素和补救措施进行优先调查,以降低较高的门槛。分别具有高阈值。由于对动物的福祉和性状的预防非常重要,因此保留了大多数措施设定的阈值,同时宽大处理以调整良好的喂养和死亡措施以表示干旱时期。调整处理措施(恐惧,跌倒/躺倒)和磨损阈值,以反映由于不经常处理牛,院子设计/设计错误以及牛品种可能对处理造成的暂时压力。因此,纳米比亚需要对潜在的影响因素和补救措施进行优先调查,以降低较高的门槛。同时宽大处理以调整良好的喂养和死亡率措施以表示干旱时期。调整处理措施(恐惧,跌倒/躺倒)和磨损阈值,以反映因不经常处理牛,院子设计/设计错误以及牛的品种对处理造成的暂时压力。因此,纳米比亚需要对潜在的影响因素和补救措施进行优先调查,以降低较高的门槛。同时宽大处理以调整良好的喂养和死亡率措施以表示干旱时期。调整处理措施(恐惧,跌倒/躺倒)和磨损阈值,以反映因不经常处理牛,院子设计/设计错误以及牛的品种对处理造成的暂时压力。因此,纳米比亚需要对潜在的影响因素和补救措施进行优先调查,以降低较高的门槛。
更新日期:2021-01-20
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