Abstract Two-mode valence electron configuration of carbon atoms lays the foundation of the unique two-mode amorphous state of the carbon solid. From the fundamentals of solid-state physics, sp3 and sp2 amorphous carbons are two different species characterized by conceptually different short-range orders, namely, groups of tetrahedrally bonded sp3 configured atoms and nanoscale size-restricted sp2 graphene domains framed with heteroatom necklaces. Molecular character of sp2 amorphics is provided with chemical reactions accompanying the solids amorphization in due course of the enforced fragmentation.

中文翻译：

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sp2固体碳的非晶态

摘要 碳原子的双模价电子构型为碳固体独特的双模非晶态奠定了基础。从固态物理学的基础来看，sp3 和 sp2 无定形碳是两种不同的物种，其特征在于概念上不同的短程有序，即四面体键合 sp3 配置的原子组和纳米级尺寸限制的 sp2 石墨烯域，由杂原子项链构成。sp2 非晶的分子特征是伴随着固体非晶化的化学反应在强制碎裂的适当过程中提供的。