Aromatics, including benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX), are essential chemical building blocks and are widely used as solvents, fuel additives, and polymers. With the recent development in CO₂ capture technologies and the progress made in producing H₂ using renewable energy, direct hydrogenation of CO₂ to aromatics via heterogeneous catalysis has emerged as a promising pathway to accomplish the production of aromatics with simultaneous utilization of waste CO₂. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the nascent field of direct CO₂ aromatization, whereby tandem catalysts composed of CO₂ hydrogenation and aromatization functionalities are designed and deployed. We review two categories of tandem catalysts: catalysts integrating Fe-based/H-ZSM-5 components following RWGS (reverse water-gas shift of CO₂ to CO)-FT (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins)-aromatization pathways, and catalysts combining metal oxide/H-ZSM-5 domains following CO₂ to methanol-aromatization pathways. The key parameters that determine the catalytic performance, such as the composition and structure of the Fe-based or metal oxide-based CO₂ conversion catalysts, the properties of H-ZSM-5, and the synergy between the two components, are analyzed to provide insights for the design of efficient tandem catalysts for CO₂ aromatization. In parallel, thermodynamic analyses, mechanistic studies, and density functional theory (DFT) computations for the relevant reaction routes and pathways are discussed to offer improved understanding of CO₂ activation, reaction intermediates, and product formation. Finally, the challenges and prospects for these tandem reactions are addressed to provide suggested paths forward for future research.

芳香族化合物，包括苯，甲苯和二甲苯（BTX），是必不可少的化学结构单元，被广泛用作溶剂，燃料添加剂和聚合物。随着CO ₂捕集技术的最新发展以及利用可再生能源生产H ₂的进展，通过多相催化将CO ₂直接加氢成芳烃已成为一种有前景的途径，可以同时利用废CO ₂完成芳烃的生产。。在这篇综述中，我们关注于直接CO ₂芳构化新兴领域的最新进展，其中由CO ₂组成的串联催化剂设计并部署了氢化和芳构化功能。我们回顾了两类串联催化剂：RWGS（CO ₂向CO的反水煤气转化为CO）-FT（低级烯烃的费-托合成）-芳构化路径后结合铁基/ H-ZSM-5组分的催化剂；以及催化剂将CO ₂之后的金属氧化物/ H-ZSM-5结构域结合到甲醇芳构化路径中。分析了决定催化性能的关键参数，例如铁基或金属氧化物基CO ₂转化催化剂的组成和结构，H-ZSM-5的性质以及两种组分之间的协同作用，为设计高效的CO ₂串联催化剂提供见解芳香化。同时，对相关反应路线和途径的热力学分析，机理研究和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算进行了讨论，以提高对CO ₂活化，反应中间体和产物形成的理解。最后，解决了这些串联反应的挑战和前景，为今后的研究提供了建议的途径。