Purpose

To evaluate the effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on resin-eroded dentin bond strength (μTBS) and the in-situ degree of conversion (DC) for universal adhesives, and the chemical/morphological changes induced by SDF.

Materials and methods

One hundred ten extracted molars were randomly assigned to 12 experimental groups: (1) SDF (eroded dentin [ED] without SDF, treatment with either 12% SDF [ED + 12%SDF], 38% SDF [ED + 38%SDF] or 38% SDF without iodide potassium [KI] [ED + 38% SDF Without KI]); (2) adhesive systems (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive); (3) adhesive strategies (etch-and-rinse [ER] and self-etch [SE]). After restoration, the specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin sticks and the μTBS was evaluated. Selected sticks were used for DC evaluation via micro-Raman. The dentin-etching patterns and chemical/morphological changes induced by SDF were examined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX-SEM). Data from the μTBS and DC tests for each adhesive were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results

The application of SDF resulted in a higher μTBS compared to without SDF. However, a statistically significant difference was observed only when 38% SDF was applied (p < 0.001). The application of SDF did not significantly influence the mean DC for both adhesive systems (p > 0.61). EDX-SEM indicated the presence of silver ions in addition to calcium mineral deposition after SDF application. Additionally, the silver crystal deposition was found in the adhesive/hybrid layer, independent of the SDF concentration. No significant differences was observed when 38% SDF was applied with or without KI.

Conclusion

The application of SDF to universal adhesives in the ER and SE modes may be a viable alternative to increasing the bonding to eroded dentin without jeopardizing the DC.

中文翻译：

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氟化二胺银对界面树脂腐蚀牙本质粘合性能的影响

目的

评估二胺氟化银（SDF）对树脂侵蚀的牙本质粘合强度（μTBS）和通用粘合剂的原位转化度（DC）以及由SDF引起的化学/形态变化的影响。

材料和方法

将一百零一颗磨牙随机分配到12个实验组中：（1）SDF（侵蚀的牙本质[ED]不使用SDF，用12％SDF [ED + 12％SDF]，38％SDF [ED + 38％SDF]处理）或38％不含碘化钾[KI]的SDF [ED + 38％不含KI的SDF]）；（2）粘合剂体系（Clearfil Universal Bond Quick和Scotchbond Universal Adhesive）；（3）粘合策略（蚀刻和冲洗[ER]和自蚀刻[SE]）。修复后，将标本切成树脂-牙本质棒，并评估μTBS。所选的棒用于通过微拉曼的DC评估。使用能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX-SEM）检查了SDF引起的牙本质蚀刻图案和化学/形态变化。使用双向重复测量方差分析和Tukey检验（α= 0.05）分析每种胶粘剂的μTBS和DC测试数据。

结果

与不使用SDF相比，使用SDF可以产生更高的μTBS。但是，仅在应用38％SDF时才观察到统计学上的显着差异（p <0.001）。SDF的使用对两种胶粘剂系统的平均DC均无显着影响（p> 0.61）。EDX-SEM表明，在应用SDF后，除了钙矿物质沉积外，还存在银离子。另外，在粘合剂/混合层中发现了银晶体沉积，与SDF浓度无关。当使用38％的SDF或不使用KI时，未观察到显着差异。

结论

在ER和SE模式下将SDF应用于通用胶粘剂可能是在不损害DC的情况下增加与腐蚀牙本质的粘合力的可行选择。