Shame and guilt are moral emotions that play an important role in social functioning. There is limited knowledge about the neural underpinnings of these emotions, particularly in young people. In the current study, 36 healthy females (mean age 18.8 ± 1.9 years) underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, during which they reflected on their decisions about social moral dilemmas, and subsequently received negative or positive peer feedback. Ratings of shame and guilt were used as parametric modulators of brain activity. Shame was associated with decreased activity in the superior temporal sulcus and precentral gyrus during reflection. Guilt was associated with decreased activity in the precuneus during positive feedback, and in the hippocampus and supramarginal gyrus during negative feedback. Results suggest that shame and guilt are associated with activity in brain regions involved in social cognition and emotion regulation; however, they have distinct underlying neural circuitry that may be differentiated based on social evaluation.

中文翻译：

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羞耻感和内疚感与青年时期明显的神经激活有关

羞耻和内疚是道德情绪，在社会功能中起着重要作用。关于这些情绪的神经基础知识有限，尤其是在年轻人中。在目前的研究中，36 名健康女性（平均年龄 18.8 ± 1.9 岁）接受了功能性磁共振成像，在此期间她们反思了自己对社会道德困境的决定，随后收到了负面或正面的同伴反馈。羞耻和内疚的评级被用作大脑活动的参数调节器。羞耻感与反射过程中颞上沟和中央前回活动减少有关。内疚与正反馈期间楔前叶活动减少以及负反馈期间海马和缘上回活动减少有关。结果表明，羞耻和内疚与参与社会认知和情绪调节的大脑区域的活动有关；然而，它们具有不同的潜在神经回路，可以根据社会评价进行区分。