Background

PRMT5 is a type II protein arginine methyltransferase that methylates histone or non-histone proteins. Arginine methylation by PRMT5 has been implicated in gene transcription, ribosome biogenesis, RNA transport, pre-mRNA splicing and signal transduction. High expression of PRMT5 has been observed in various cancers and PRMT5 overexpression has been reported to improve cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration and metabolism and to inhibit cancer cell apoptosis. In addition, PRMT5 has been found to be required for cancer stem cell survival, self-renewal and differentiation. Several microRNAs have been shown to regulate PRMT5 expression. As PRMT5 has oncogene-like properties, several PRMT5 inhibitors have been used to explore their efficacy as potential drugs for different types of cancer, and three of them are now being tested in clinical trials.

Conclusions

In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of PRMT5 in cancer development and progression, including its functions and underlying mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the rapid development of PRMT5 inhibitors and summarize ongoing clinical trials for cancer therapy. By affecting both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, PRMT5 inhibitors may serve as effective anti-cancer agents, especially when combined with immune therapies.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶 5：潜在的癌症治疗靶点

背景

PRMT5 是一种 II 型蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶，可甲基化组蛋白或非组蛋白。PRMT5 的精氨酸甲基化与基因转录、核糖体生物发生、RNA 转运、前体 mRNA 剪接和信号转导有关。已经在各种癌症中观察到 PRMT5 的高表达，并且据报道 PRMT5 过表达可以改善癌细胞的存活、增殖、迁移和代谢并抑制癌细胞凋亡。此外，已发现 PRMT5 是癌症干细胞存活、自我更新和分化所必需的。几种微RNA已被证明可以调节PRMT5的表达。由于 PRMT5 具有类似致癌基因的特性，几种 PRMT5 抑制剂已被用于探索它们作为治疗不同类型癌症的潜在药物的功效，

结论

在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 PRMT5 在癌症发展和进展中的作用的知识，包括其功能和潜在机制。此外，我们强调了 PRMT5 抑制剂的快速发展，并总结了正在进行的癌症治疗临床试验。通过影响肿瘤细胞和肿瘤微环境，PRMT5 抑制剂可以作为有效的抗癌药物，尤其是与免疫疗法结合使用时。