Dedicated the memory of Akademician Valery Vasilievich Lunin, a friend, colleague, teacher, founder and leader of the research into application of supercritical fluids in chemistry.

This review analyzes the rapidly developing applications of supercritical fluids, mainly supercritical carbon dioxide, in catalysis, chemistry of high-molecular-weight compounds, and medicinal chemistry in Russia and abroad. It considers the methods of catalyst preparation based on impregnation of inorganic and organic supports with metal-containing compounds, immobilization of organometallic and metal complex reagents in matrices of oxide and polymer supports, and deposition processes employing supercritical fluids. An analysis is presented of the prospects for applying CO₂ and some organic compounds, such as aliphatic alcohols, in sub- and supercritical states as reactants and (or) solvents for catalytic reactions of hydrocarbon isomerization and cracking, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, etc., including the asymmetric reactions. The review discusses processes of synthesizing and modifying polymer materials for various purposes, including aerogels, foams, and composites impregnated with photochromes, in a supercritical fluid medium. Special attention is paid to supercritical one-pot processes, which make the techniques of obtaining new materials simpler, less expensive, and more efficient. The work investigates the effect of supercritical CO₂ on the morphology, gas separation characteristics, and dielectric properties of polymers. One of the promising applications of supercritical fluids in medicine is the use in transplantology and pharmacology, for example, for the preparation of drug polymorphs with higher bioavailability. The review also provides an overview of the recent data on the use of EPR spectroscopy for studying the properties of supercritical fluids, including those exhibited in the vicinity of the critical point and identifying the intermediates of chemical reactions in such media.

The bibliography includes 1151 references.

献给Akademician Valery Vasilievich Lunin的记忆，他是朋友，同事，老师，创始人和超临界流体在化学中应用研究的负责人。

这篇综述分析了俄罗斯和国外超临界流体（主要是超临界二氧化碳）在催化，高分子量化合物化学和药物化学中的快速发展应用。它考虑了基于含金属化合物浸渍无机和有机载体，将有机金属和金属络合剂固定在氧化物和聚合物载体基质中以及采用超临界流体进行沉积工艺的催化剂制备方法。分析了在亚临界和超临界状态下应用CO ₂和某些有机化合物（例如脂肪醇）作为反应物和（或）溶剂进行烃异构化和裂化，加氢，脱氢，氧化，等等，包括不对称反应。这篇综述讨论了在超临界流体介质中合成和改性聚合物材料以用于各种目的的过程，包括气凝胶，泡沫和浸渍有光致色素的复合材料。特别注意超临界一锅法，该方法使获得新材料的技术更简单，更便宜，更高效。这项工作研究了超临界CO _2的作用聚合物的形态，气体分离特性和介电性能。超临界流体在医学中的有前途的应用之一是在移植学和药理学中的应用，例如，用于制备具有更高生物利用度的药物多晶型物。审查还提供了有关使用EPR光谱研究超临界流体特性的最新数据的概述，包括在临界点附近表现出的特性以及识别此类介质中化学反应的中间体。

参考书目包含1151个参考文献。