The Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained research attention worldwide, given the current pandemic. Nevertheless, a previous zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is still causing concern, especially in Saudi Arabia and neighbour countries. The MERS-CoV has been reported from respiratory samples in more than 27 countries, and around 2500 cases have been reported with an approximate fatality rate of 35%. After its emergence in 2012 intermittent, sporadic cases, nosocomial infections and many community clusters of MERS continued to occur in many countries. Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. The current review is drafted using an extensive review of literature on various databases, selecting of publications irrespective of favouring or opposing, assessing the merit of study, the abstraction of data and analysing data. The genome of MERS-CoV contains around thirty thousand nucleotides having seven predicted open reading frames. Spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the four main structural proteins. The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. Three regions in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah were affected severely. The epidemic progression had been the highest in 2014 in Makkah and Riyadh and Eastern Province in 2013. With a lurking epidemic scare, there is a crucial need for effective therapeutic and immunological remedies constructed on sound molecular investigations.

中文翻译：

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MERS-CoV：流行病学，分子动力学，治疗学和未来挑战

鉴于当前的大流行，严重呼吸综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）已在全世界引起了研究关注。尽管如此，以前的人畜共患病和高致病性冠状病毒中东呼吸综合症冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）仍然引起人们的关注，尤其是在沙特阿拉伯和邻国。已在超过27个国家/地区从呼吸道样本中报告了MERS-CoV，并且已报告约2500例病例，死亡率约为35％。自2012年出现以来，许多国家继续出现间歇性零星病例，医院感染和许多中东呼吸综合征社区群。人与人之间的传播导致沙特阿拉伯大规模爆发。中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒各个包层之间固有的遗传变异性可能已经为跨物种传播以及物种间和物种内向性的变化铺平了道路。本综述的起草工作是对各种数据库的文献进行了广泛的综述，选择了无论偏爱还是反对的出版物，评估了研究的价值，数据的抽象以及对数据的分析。MERS-CoV的基因组包含约三万个核苷酸，具有七个预测的开放阅读框。穗蛋白（S），包膜蛋白（E），膜蛋白（M）和核衣壳蛋白（N）是四种主要的结构蛋白。β冠状病毒的表面定位突突蛋白（S）已被确定为通过病毒受体识别介导和随后的病毒感染引发人畜共患病传播的重要因素之一。沙特阿拉伯（KSA），东部省，利雅得和麦加的三个地区受到严重影响。在2014年，麦加，利雅得和东部省的疫情发展最高，2013年，疫情潜伏着，因此迫切需要基于合理的分子研究构建有效的治疗和免疫疗法。