Older adults and particularly those at risk for developing dementia typically show a decline in episodic memory performance, which has been associated with altered memory network activity detectable via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To quantify the degree of these alterations, a score has been developed as a putative imaging biomarker for successful aging in memory for older adults (Functional Activity Deviations during Encoding, FADE; Duzel et al., 2011). Here, we introduce and validate a more comprehensive version of the FADE score, termed FADE-SAME (Similarity of Activations during Memory Encoding), which differs from the original FADE score by considering not only activations but also deactivations in fMRI contrasts of stimulus novelty and successful encoding, and by taking into account the variance of young adults' activations. We computed both scores for novelty and subsequent memory contrasts in a cohort of 217 healthy adults, including 106 young and 111 older participants, as well as a replication cohort of 117 young subjects. We further tested the stability and generalizability of both scores by controlling for different MR scanners and gender, as well as by using different data sets of young adults as reference samples. Both scores showed robust age-group-related differences for the subsequent memory contrast, and the FADE-SAME score additionally exhibited age-group-related differences for the novelty contrast. Furthermore, both scores correlate with behavioral measures of cognitive aging, namely memory performance. Taken together, our results suggest that single-value scores of memory-related fMRI responses may constitute promising biomarkers for quantifying neurocognitive aging.

中文翻译：

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反映记忆相关 fMRI 激活和失活的综合评分作为神经认知衰老的潜在生物标志物

老年人，尤其是那些有患痴呆症风险的人通常表现出情景记忆能力的下降，这与通过功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 可检测到的记忆网络活动的改变有关。为了量化这些改变的程度，已经开发了一个评分作为老年人记忆力成功老化的推定成像生物标志物（编码期间的功能活动偏差，FADE；Duzel 等人，2011）。在这里，我们介绍并验证了 FADE 评分的更全面版本，称为 FADE-SAME（记忆编码期间激活的相似性），它与原始 FADE 评分不同，它不仅考虑了激活，而且还考虑了 fMRI 对比刺激新颖性和成功的编码，并考虑到年轻人的差异 激活。我们计算了 217 名健康成年人队列的新颖性和随后的记忆对比得分，其中包括 106 名年轻参与者和 111 名年长参与者，以及 117 名年轻受试者的复制队列。我们通过控制不同的 MR 扫描仪和性别，以及使用不同的年轻人数据集作为参考样本，进一步测试了这两个分数的稳定性和普遍性。两个分数在随后的记忆对比中均显示出与年龄组相关的明显差异，而FADE-SAME分数在新颖性对比中还显示出与年龄组相关的差异。此外，这两个分数都与认知老化的行为测量相关，即记忆性能。综合起来，