BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial, chronic, and progressive neurodegenerative disease. α-Synuclein (α-syn), which is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, plays an important role in the pathological hallmarks of PD. However, the pathological function of α-syn and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons are still elusive. SUMMARY Cumulative evidence implicates that abnormal processing of α-syn will be predicted to lead to pathological changes in PD. Key Messages: In this review, we summarize the structure and physiological function of α-syn, and further discuss the interplay of pathology, neuroinflammation, and environmental factors in PD. Additionally, we suggest future directions for understanding the toxicity of α-syn to neurons, which may ultimately encourage us to better design disease-modifying therapeutic strategies for PD.

中文翻译：

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α-突触核蛋白：帕金森病病理、神经炎症和环境因素的相互作用

背景帕金森病(PD)是一种多因素、慢性和进行性神经变性疾病。α-突触核蛋白 (α-syn) 是路易体的主要蛋白质成分，在 PD 的病理标志中起着重要作用。然而，α-syn 的病理功能和导致多巴胺能神经元退化的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。总结 累积证据表明，α-syn 的异常处理将被预测会导致 PD 的病理变化。关键信息：在这篇综述中，我们总结了 α-syn 的结构和生理功能，并进一步讨论了病理学、神经炎症和环境因素在 PD 中的相互作用。此外，我们建议未来的方向来了解 α-syn 对神经元的毒性，