Ticks are important vectors of an array of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens resulting in a wide range of animal and human diseases. There is limited information in the literature about tick species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, even though they have suitable climate and vegetation for ticks and their hosts. We reviewed the occurrence of tick species and the pathogens they transmit from the MENA on published papers from 1901–2020. We found taxonomic records of 55 tick species infesting livestock representing the following eight genera: Ornithodoros, Otobius, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. In addition, 15 pathogens were recorded causing diseases of significance, with Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis being widely distributed diseases in the region. In recent decades, there has been increasing trends in disease occurrence and movement associated with global movement of humans and global trade of animals. We suggest that disease control and prevention could be achieved effectively through good integration between public health, veterinary medicine and animal management, and ecological approaches. We recommend further research in the areas of tick ecology and tick born-disease transmission. Furthermore, we suggest evaluation and improvement of disease control policies in the region.

中文翻译：

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中东和北非牲畜蜱虫和蜱传疾病：回顾

蜱是一系列病毒、细菌和原生动物病原体的重要载体，导致多种动物和人类疾病。尽管中东和北非 (MENA) 国家的气候和植被适合蜱及其宿主，但文献中有关蜱物种的信息有限。我们在 1901 年至 2020 年发表的论文中回顾了蜱虫种类的出现及其从中东和北非地区传播的病原体。我们发现了侵染牲畜的 55 种蜱虫的分类记录，代表以下八个属：Ornithodoros、Otobius、Amblyomma、Dermacentor、Haemaphysalis、Hyalomma、Ixodes和Rhipicephalus。此外，还记录了15种引起重大疾病的病原体，其中克里米亚-刚果出血热、泰勒虫病、巴贝斯虫病和无形体病是该地区广泛传播的疾病。近几十年来，与全球人类流动和全球动物贸易相关的疾病发生和流动趋势不断增加。我们建议，通过公共卫生、兽医和动物管理以及生态方法的良好结合，可以有效地实现疾病控制和预防。我们建议在蜱生态学和蜱传播疾病传播领域进行进一步研究。此外，我们建议评估和改进该地区的疾病控制政策。