The taxonomy and phylogenetics of Neotropical deer have been mostly based on morphological criteria and needs a critical revision on the basis of new molecular and cytogenetic markers. In this study, we used the variation in the sequence, copy number, and chromosome localization of satellite I-IV DNA to evaluate evolutionary relationships among eight Neotropical deer species. Using FISH with satI-IV probes derived from Mazama gouazoubira, we proved the presence of satellite DNA blocks in peri/centromeric regions of all analyzed deer. Satellite DNA was also detected in the interstitial chromosome regions of species of the genus Mazama with highly reduced chromosome numbers. In contrast to Blastocerus dichotomus, Ozotoceros bezoarticus, and Odocoileus virginianus, Mazama species showed high abundance of satIV DNA by FISH. The phylogenetic analysis of the satellite DNA showed close relationships between O. bezoarticus and B. dichotomus. Furthermore, the Neotropical and Nearctic populations of O. virginianus formed a single clade. However, the satellite DNA phylogeny did not allow resolving the relationships within the genus Mazama. The high abundance of the satellite DNA in centromeres probably contributes to the formation of chromosomal rearrangements, thus leading to a fast and ongoing speciation in this genus, which has not yet been reflected in the satellite DNA sequence diversification.

中文翻译：

---

新热带鹿种的卫星 DNA

新热带鹿的分类学和系统发育学主要基于形态学标准，需要在新的分子和细胞遗传学标记的基础上进行批判性修订。在这项研究中，我们利用卫星 I-IV DNA 的序列、拷贝数和染色体定位的变化来评估八种新热带鹿种之间的进化关系。使用 FISH 和源自 Mazama gouazoubira 的 satI-IV 探针，我们证明了所有分析的鹿的周围/着丝粒区域中都存在卫星 DNA 块。在染色体数目大大减少的 Mazama 属物种的间质染色体区域中也检测到卫星 DNA。与 Blastocerus dichotomus、Ozotoceros bezoarticus 和 Odocoileus virginianus 相比，Mazama 物种通过 FISH 显示出高丰度的 satIV DNA。卫星 DNA 的系统发育分析表明 O. bezoarticus 和 B. dichotomus 之间存在密切关系。此外，O. virginianus 的 Neotropical 和 Nearctic 种群形成了一个单一的进化枝。然而，卫星 DNA 系统发育不允许解决 Mazama 属内的关系。着丝粒中卫星 DNA 的高丰度可能有助于染色体重排的形成，从而导致该属快速和持续的物种形成，这尚未反映在卫星 DNA 序列多样化中。卫星 DNA 系统发育不允许解决 Mazama 属内的关系。着丝粒中卫星 DNA 的高丰度可能有助于染色体重排的形成，从而导致该属快速和持续的物种形成，这尚未反映在卫星 DNA 序列多样化中。卫星 DNA 系统发育不允许解决 Mazama 属内的关系。着丝粒中卫星 DNA 的高丰度可能有助于染色体重排的形成，从而导致该属快速和持续的物种形成，这尚未反映在卫星 DNA 序列多样化中。