Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health emergency, with an estimated 2 billion people infected across the world, and 1.4 million people dying to this disease every year. Many aspects of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, make this disease difficult for healthcare and laboratory researchers to fight against, such as unique pathophysiology, latent infection and long and complex treatment regimens, thus causing patient non-compliance with the treatment. Development of new drugs is critical for tackling these problems. Repurposing drugs is a promising strategy for generating an effective drug treatment whilst circumventing many of the challenges of conventional drug development. In this regard, the incorporation of immunomodulatory drugs into the standard regimen to potentiate frontline drugs is found to be highly appealing. Drugs of diverse chemical classes and drug categories are increasingly being evidenced to possess antitubercular activity, both in vitro and in vivo. This article explores and discusses the molecular entities that have shown promise in being repurposed for use in anti-TB adjunctive therapy and aims to provide the most up-to-date picture of their progress.

中文翻译：

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免疫调节药物重新用于结核病辅助化疗的前景：批判性回顾

结核病 (TB) 仍然是全球性的突发卫生事件，全世界估计有 20 亿人受到感染，每年有 140 万人死于这种疾病。病原体结核分枝杆菌的许多方面使医疗保健和实验室研究人员难以对抗这种疾病，例如独特的病理生理学、潜在的感染以及漫长而复杂的治疗方案，从而导致患者不依从治疗。新药的开发对于解决这些问题至关重要。重新利用药物是一种有前途的策略，可以产生有效的药物治疗，同时规避传统药物开发的许多挑战。在这方面，将免疫调节药物纳入标准治疗方案以增强一线药物的作用非常有吸引力。越来越多的证据表明，不同化学类别和药物类别的药物在体外和体内都具有抗结核活性。本文探讨并讨论了那些有望重新用于抗结核辅助治疗的分子实体，旨在提供其进展的最新情况。