ABSTRACT

We conducted a national survey on a high-quality internet panel to study landscape preferences in Norway, using photos as stimuli. We examined preference heterogeneity with respect to socio-demographic characteristics and latent topics brought up by the respondents, using ordinal logistic regression and structural topic modelling (STM), a machine learning-based analysis. We found that pasture landscapes are the most favoured (55%), while densely planted spruce forests are the least favoured (8%). The contrast was particularly strong between eastern and western Norway, between men and women, and between young and old. STM revealed that the choices were mainly driven by the preference for landscape openness, especially by women. Other important drivers were concerns regarding reforestation of former farmlands, aesthetic properties, forest management, biodiversity issues, and cultural values. Our results suggest that landscape policies may clash with socio-cultural preferences, and failure to account for these may undermine the success of a policy.

摘要

我们在一个高质量的互联网面板上进行了一项全国调查，以研究挪威的景观偏好，使用照片作为刺激。我们使用序数逻辑回归和结构主题建模 (STM)（一种基于机器学习的分析）检查了受访者提出的社会人口特征和潜在主题方面的偏好异质性。我们发现牧场景观最受欢迎（55%），而密植云杉林最不受欢迎（8%）。挪威东部和西部、男性和女性之间以及年轻人和老年人之间的对比尤其强烈。STM 透露，这些选择主要是由对景观开放性的偏好驱动的，尤其是女性。其他重要的驱动因素是对旧农田重新造林、美学特性、森林管理、生物多样性问题和文化价值。我们的结果表明，景观政策可能会与社会文化偏好发生冲突，如果不考虑这些因素，可能会破坏政策的成功。