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Is human enhancement intrinsically bad?
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy ( IF 1.917 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s11019-021-10003-w
Karolina Kudlek 1, 2
Affiliation  

A pertinent concern in the human enhancement debate is that human enhancement technologies (HET) are intrinsically bad and, hence, morally impermissible. This article evaluates the related claims about the intrinsic badness of HET by looking into philosophical theories of intrinsic value. It investigates how well-established conceptions of intrinsic value map onto typical bioconservative arguments about HET's intrinsic badness. Three predominant variants of these arguments are explored and found wanting: (i) HET are intrinsically bad owing to their unnaturalness; (ii) the pursuit of HET reveals intrinsically bad character (“the desire for mastery”); and (iii) HET will necessarily undermine intrinsically valuable things (e.g., human dignity). My analysis shows that the debate on intrinsic value places serious constraints on claims about the intrinsic badness of HET. More specifically, the analysis shows that bioconservative arguments are, for the most part, inconsistent, misconceived, and overly speculative. Enhancement interventions cannot be bearers of intrinsic value on any of its plausible understandings, and, even if we could grant such a possibility, there are no compelling reasons to presume that the intrinsic value of HET would be necessarily negative. As a result, claims regarding their moral impermissibility are unwarranted.



中文翻译:

人类增强本质上是坏的吗?

人类增强辩论中的一个相关问题是,人类增强技术 (HET) 本质上是坏的,因此在道德上是不允许的。本文通过研究内在价值的哲学理论来评估有关 HET 内在不良的相关主张。它研究了完善的内在价值概念如何映射到关于 HET 内在不良的典型生物保守论点。探索了这些论点的三个主要变体并发现它们不足:(i)HET 由于其不自然而本质上是坏的;(ii) 对 HET 的追求揭示了本质上的坏性格(“对掌握的渴望”);(iii) HET 必然会破坏本质上有价值的东西(例如,人类尊严)。我的分析表明,关于内在价值的争论严重限制了关于 HET 内在坏处的说法。更具体地说,分析表明,生物保守的论点在很大程度上是不一致的、误解的和过度投机的。增强干预不能作为其任何合理理解的内在价值的承担者,即使我们可以承认这种可能性,也没有令人信服的理由假设 HET 的内在价值必然是负面的。因此,关于他们的道德不允许的主张是没有根据的。增强干预不能作为其任何合理理解的内在价值的承担者,即使我们可以承认这种可能性,也没有令人信服的理由假设 HET 的内在价值必然是负面的。因此,关于他们的道德不允许的主张是没有根据的。增强干预不能作为其任何合理理解的内在价值的承担者,即使我们可以承认这种可能性,也没有令人信服的理由假设 HET 的内在价值必然是负面的。因此,关于他们的道德不允许的主张是没有根据的。

更新日期:2021-01-19
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