The paper examines the fatal poisoning of a vacuum truck driver who inadvertently mixed sulfuric and formic acid waste, which reacted to produce carbon monoxide gas in the truck's tank. The case highlights multiple systemic issues in the chemical waste disposal industry which may lead to repeat accidents. The paper argues that an ill-defined composition is an intrinsic property of any waste. Therefore, the guiding safety principle should be to avoid mixing and minimize manual handling to the widest extent possible. Transport for disposal of hazmat waste in non-conforming 1000-L pallet tanks presents two unattractive options: (a) A vacuum truck is a simple and cost-effective solution but entails chemical reactivity hazards upon mixing. (b) A 1:1 transfer of the contents to new compliant containers avoids mixing hazards but introduces manual handling hazards. The option of placing the pallet tank inside another approved enclosure appears unavailable in practice. Currently, the overall best option in many cases may be to transport the waste in the formally non-compliant pallet tanks, by having guidelines for when and how to relax compliance requirements. The paper argues that the current ADR regulatory regime and the hazmat disposal industry offer insufficient support in making safer options available.

中文翻译：

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固有不明确的废物性质：危险品废物收集司机的致命户外中毒 - 经验教训

该论文调查了一名真空卡车司机的致命中毒事件，他无意中将硫酸和甲酸废物混合在一起，这些废物发生反应，在卡车油箱中产生了一氧化碳气体。该案例凸显了化学废物处理行业的多个系统性问题，可能导致重复事故。该论文认为，定义不明确的成分是任何废物的固有属性。因此，指导安全原则应该是尽可能避免混合并最大程度地减少人工处理。在不合格的 1000 升托盘罐中运输危险品废物有两种没有吸引力的选择：(a) 真空卡车是一种简单且具有成本效益的解决方案，但在混合时会产生化学反应危险。(b) A 1：1 将内容物转移到新的符合要求的容器中可避免混合危险，但会引入人工处理危险。将托盘罐放置在另一个批准的外壳内的选项在实践中似乎不可用。目前，在许多情况下，总体最佳选择可能是通过制定何时以及如何放宽合规要求的指南，将废物运输到正式不合规的托盘罐中。该论文认为，当前的 ADR 监管制度和危险品处理行业在提供更安全的选择方面提供的支持不足。制定何时以及如何放宽合规要求的指南。该论文认为，当前的 ADR 监管制度和危险品处理行业在提供更安全的选择方面提供的支持不足。制定何时以及如何放宽合规要求的指南。该论文认为，当前的 ADR 监管制度和危险品处理行业在提供更安全的选择方面提供的支持不足。