A major challenge in ecology is to understand how populations are affected by increased climate variability. Here, we assessed the effects of observed climate variability on different organismal groups (amphibians, insects, mammals, herbaceous plants and reptiles) by estimating the extent to which interannual variation in the annual population growth rates (CV_λ) and the absolute value of the long‐term population growth rate (|log λ|) were associated with short‐term climate variability. We used empirical data (≥ 20 consecutive years of annual abundances) from 59 wild populations in the Northern Hemisphere, and quantified variabilities in population growth rates and climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation in active and inactive seasons) calculated over four‐ and eight‐year sliding time windows. We observed a positive relationship between the variability of growth rate (CV_λ) and the variability of temperature in the active season at the shorter timescale only. Moreover, |log λ| was positively associated with the variability of precipitation in the inactive season at both timescales. Otherwise, the direction of the relationships between population dynamics and climate variability (if any) depended largely on the season and organismal group in question. Both CV_λ and |log λ| correlated negatively with species' lifespan, indicating general differences in population dynamics between short‐lived and long‐lived species that were not related to climate variability. Our results suggest that although temporal variation in population growth rates and the magnitude of long‐term population growth rates are partially associated with short‐term interannual climate variability, demographic responses to climate fluctuations might still be population‐specific rather than specific to given organismal groups, and driven by other factors than the observed climate variability.

中文翻译：

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人口对多种生物群间观测到的气候变异性的反应

生态学方面的主要挑战是了解气候变化加剧如何影响人口。在这里，我们通过估计的程度评估了不同生物组（两栖动物，昆虫，哺乳动物，草本植物和爬行动物）观察到的气候变化的影响，其际变化在人口年增长率（CV _λ）和长期人口增长率的绝对值（| logλ|）与短期气候变异性相关。我们使用了来自北半球59个野生种群的经验数据（≥20连续年丰度），并计算了四年和八年中人口增长率和气候条件（活动和非活动季节的温度和降水）的量化变化。滑动时间窗口。我们观察到增长率的变异性（_CVλ），并且仅在较短的时间范围内活动季节的温度变化。此外，| logλ| 在两个时间尺度上，与非活动季节降水的变化呈正相关。否则，种群动态与气候变异性（如果有）之间关系的方向在很大程度上取决于所讨论的季节和生物群。均_CVλ和| logλ| 与物种的寿命负相关，表明短寿命和长寿命物种之间种群动态的一般差异与气候变异性无关。我们的结果表明，尽管人口增长率的时间变化和长期人口增长率的大小与短期的年际气候变化部分相关，但人口对气候波动的反应可能仍然是特定于人群的，而不是特定于给定的有机体群体的，并且受其他因素影响，而不是观测到的气候变异性。