The metal-organic framework Zn-MOF-74, which has abundant oxygen-containing groups and Zn elements as pore creators during pyrolysis, can be an ideal precursor for a porous carbon matrix in battery electrodes, but its irregular morphology at the micron size is unfavorable. Here we demonstrate the facile solvothermal synthesis of uniform Zn-MOF-74 hexagonal nano/microrods (ZRods) with an accurate diameter modulation from tens of nanometers to micron size through varying the H₂O content in the mixed solvent. An inverted volcano relationship between the ZRod diameters and H₂O contents is presented. CH₃COO^- is identified to be critical to the hexagonal pillar shape formation, while a competitive reaction of protons dissociated from H₂O is responsible for the size modulation. After calcination, the obtained porous carbon nanorods enable a high loading capacity and perfect encapsulation of P while reserving free spaces to accommodate the volume change of P in the composite anode, resulting in outstanding potassium storage performance in terms of remarkable initial Coulombic efficiency (78.5%), top-ranking reversible capacity (up to 595.8 mAh g^-1), superior rate capability (187.5 mAh g^-1 at 5 A g^-1), and robust long-term cycling stability (retaining 150.7 mAh g^-1 at 2.5 A g^-1 after 400 cycles). This morphology modulation of Zn-MOF-74 will promote the advanced applications of Zn-MOF-74 as well as its derived carbon materials, and potentially opens a general pathway for the oriented evolution of various carboxylate-based MOFs.

金属-有机骨架Zn-MOF-74在热解过程中具有丰富的含氧基团和Zn元素作为造孔剂，可以作为电池电极中多孔碳基质的理想前体，但其微米尺寸的不规则形貌为不利。在这里，我们演示了通过改变混合溶剂中H ₂ O的含量，从数十纳米到微米尺寸的精确直径调制，可以轻松地溶剂热合成均匀的Zn-MOF-74六角形纳米/微棒（ZRods）。提出了ZRod直径与H ₂ O含量之间的倒排火山关系。CH ₃ COO ^-被识别为六边形棱柱形状形成的关键，而质子的竞争反应选自H解离₂ O负责大小调制。煅烧后，所获得的多孔碳纳米棒能够实现高负载能力和对P的完美封装，同时保留自由空间以适应复合阳极中P的体积变化，从而以出色的初始库仑效率（78.5％）获得了出色的钾存储性能。 ），排名靠前的可逆容量（高达595.8毫安克^-1），优异的倍率性能（187.5毫安克^-1在5 A G ^-1），和健壮长期循环稳定性（保持150.7毫安克^-1 2.5克^-1400个周期后）。Zn-MOF-74的这种形态学调节将促进Zn-MOF-74及其衍生的碳材料的先进应用，并有可能为各种基于羧酸盐的MOF的定向进化开辟一条一般途径。