Produced water, a by-product generated from the oil and gas extraction processes, represents a major challenge in the oil and gas industry as it is generally characterized with a very high salinity and oil content. Currently used ceramic membranes for oil-water separation suffer from the low water flux in spite of their several distinctive advantages. To overcome this limitation and to increase the water flux and oil rejection, commercial ceramic TiO₂ membranes were dip coated with silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles at different concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 wt %. Coated membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray sSpectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy and contact angle. Results showed that SiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the surface of the ceramic membranes confirming the dip coating approach. Furthermore, water flux of 817, 2724, 3636, 627, and 1292 L m⁻² h⁻¹ (LMH) was reported at control, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 wt%; respectively. Also, contact angle reported 75°, 50°, 40°, 24°, 0° at control, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 wt%; respectively. Finally, total organic carbon (TOC) in the treated water samples reported 100, 28, 11, 9, 10, 13 mg L⁻¹ at control, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 wt%, respectively. This study can be a preliminary to further studies that accommodate industry-like conditions to help decrease the gap between ideal laboratory setups and harsh real life conditions to fully optimize and exploit the advantages of ceramic membranes in oil-water separation.

采出水是从石油和天然气开采过程中产生的副产品，在石油和天然气工业中代表着一项重大挑战，因为它通常具有很高的盐度和含油量。尽管使用了一些独特的优点，但目前用于油水分离的陶瓷膜的水通量却很低。为了克服此限制并增加水通量和除油率，将商用陶瓷TiO ₂膜浸涂有二氧化硅（SiO ₂）纳米粒子的浓度分别为0.25、0.50、0.75和1.0 wt％。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM），能量色散X射线光谱（EDS），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和拉曼光谱和接触角对涂膜进行表征。结果表明，SiO ₂纳米颗粒成功沉积在陶瓷膜表面，这证实了浸涂法。此外，水通量为817、2724、3636、627和1292 L m ^-2 h ^-1（LMH）报告为对照，0.25、0.50、0.75和1.0 wt％; 分别。另外，在对照中，接触角为75、50、40、24、24、0、0.25、0.50、0.75和1.0重量％。分别。最后，在对照，0.25、0.50、0.75和1.0wt％下，经处理的水样品中的总有机碳（TOC）报告为100、28、11、9、10、13mg L ^-1。这项研究可以为进一步研究提供初步条件，以适应类似行业的条件，以帮助缩小理想的实验室设置和恶劣的现实生活条件之间的差距，从而充分优化和利用陶瓷膜在油水分离中的优势。