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Riverbank erosion and migration inter-linkage: with special focus on Assam, India
Environmental Systems Research Pub Date : 2021-01-18 , DOI: 10.1186/s40068-020-00214-0
Dimpal Dekaraja , Ratul Mahanta

Background Riverbank erosion becomes a vulnerable phenomenon in the bank of the Brahmaputra river and its tributaries. Around 17 riverine districts of Assam are affected by riverbank erosion and lost a large plot of land. Due to riverbank erosion the victims’ loss their homestead and crop land as well as their survival strategy in the eroded areas. Moreover, farmers largely affected due to riverbank erosion as they loss their sources of income. This forces the farmer to migrate to another place for their survival. The paper examines the linkage between river bank erosion and migration based on secondary information. Method To examine the linkage, information collected from government published sources ‘Census of India’ and ‘Statistical handbook of Assam’. On the basis of the information, 10 indicators constructed from 26 variables and then factor analysis method applied to examine the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Results Four variables that are agricultural worker, industrial worker, cropped area and livestock population are loaded into the first factor, for which the first factor is labeled as the socio-economic indicator. In case of second factor the two variables i.e. Migrational Growth Index (MGI) and urban population are loaded. On the basis of the loaded variables this factor labeled as demographic indicator. In case of third factor also two variables are loaded that is, Natural Growth Index (NGI) and Literacy rate. The loaded variables indicate that both NGI and Literacy rate are positively related. Two variables are loaded in this fourth factor i.e. river bank eroded area and the district population growth. This factor labeled as environmental indicator on the basis of the variables loaded in this factor. The factor correlation matrix indicates the opposite relation between first and fourth factor. Conclusion The results obtained from Factor component analysis reveals that the first and fourth factor component mainly established the linkage between riverbank erosion and migration. Besides this the component correlation matrix also reveals the inter-linkage between the variables. Thus we can say that there is positive relation between riverbank erosion and migration. However, it can be interpret that farmers mostly affected due to riverbank erosion and migrate more, because most of the inhabitants of the floodplain areas are the farmers.

中文翻译:

河岸侵蚀和移民的相互联系:特别关注印度阿萨姆邦

背景 河岸侵蚀成为雅鲁藏布江及其支流河岸的脆弱现象。阿萨姆邦约有 17 个沿河地区受到河岸侵蚀的影响,失去了大片土地。由于河岸侵蚀,灾民失去了家园和耕地,以及在侵蚀地区的生存策略。此外,农民在很大程度上受到河岸侵蚀的影响,因为他们失去了收入来源。这迫使农民为了生存而迁移到另一个地方。本文基于二级信息研究了河岸侵蚀与迁移之间的联系。方法 为了检查这种联系,从政府公布的来源“印度人口普查”和“阿萨姆邦统计手册”收集的信息。根据信息,由26个变量构建的10个指标,然后应用因子分析方法来检验河岸侵蚀与迁移之间的联系。结果农业工人、产业工人、种植面积和牲畜数量四个变量被加载到第一个因素中,其中第一个因素被标记为社会经济指标。在第二个因素的情况下,加载了两个变量,即移民增长指数 (MGI) 和城市人口。在加载的变量的基础上,这个因素被标记为人口统计指标。在第三个因素的情况下,还加载了两个变量,即自然增长指数 (NGI) 和识字率。加载的变量表明 NGI 和识字率都呈正相关。在第四个因素中加载了两个变量,即 河岸侵蚀面积和全区人口增长。根据加载到该因子中的变量,该因子被标记为环境指标。因子相关矩阵表示第一和第四因子之间的相反关系。结论因子成分分析的结果表明,第一和第四因子成分主要建立了河岸侵蚀和迁移之间的联系。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。根据加载到该因子中的变量,该因子被标记为环境指标。因子相关矩阵表示第一和第四因子之间的相反关系。结论因子成分分析的结果表明,第一和第四因子成分主要建立了河岸侵蚀和迁移之间的联系。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。根据加载到该因子中的变量,该因子被标记为环境指标。因子相关矩阵表示第一和第四因子之间的相反关系。结论因子成分分析的结果表明,第一和第四因子成分主要建立了河岸侵蚀和迁移之间的联系。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。因子相关矩阵表示第一和第四因子之间的相反关系。结论因子成分分析的结果表明,第一和第四因子成分主要建立了河岸侵蚀和迁移之间的联系。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。因子相关矩阵表示第一和第四因子之间的相反关系。结论因子成分分析的结果表明,第一和第四因子成分主要建立了河岸侵蚀和迁移之间的联系。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。除此之外,分量相关矩阵还揭示了变量之间的相互联系。因此可以说河岸侵蚀与迁移之间存在正相关关系。但可以解释为农民受河岸侵蚀影响较大,迁移较多,因为洪泛区居民多为农民。
更新日期:2021-01-18
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