Rapid progression in resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic organisms is a serious concern. This study aimed to synthesize fatty amido benzoic acid (FBA) from Citrullus colocynthis seed oil (CCO) and evaluate its safety profile as an alternative bioactive agent for combating drug-resistant pathogens. FBA was synthesised through simple chemical reaction route and examined for its antioxidant activity and antimicrobial capacity against selected drug-resistant microorganisms. Effect of FBA on hepato-renal function makers and oxidative stress was also examined using Wistar rats. Density functional theory (DFT) approach was employed to understand the action of FBA with the aid of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed the most abundant fatty acid in CCO to be C18:2 (55.88%). Results from Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) confirmed the synthesis of FBA with a yield of 97.10%. FBA exhibited antioxidant potential (IC50 of 1.96 µg mL−1) as well as antimicrobial potency. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FBA was 0.026 mg mL−1. Biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation were significantly elevated in rats administered high dose FBA (100 mg kg−1). Histology of the liver and kidney confirmed the biochemical results. Furthermore, mechanism of action of FBA could be described by quantum chemical analysis to be via nucleophilic interaction, which may be viewed electronically as donor–acceptor interaction. The study presents FBA as a promising antimicrobial agent for combating drug-resistant pathogenic organisms.

中文翻译：

---

刺槐瓜籽油合成脂肪酰胺基苯甲酸的肝肾功能和抑菌活性的评价

病原生物对抗菌剂的抗性迅速发展是一个严重的问题。这项研究的目的是从Citrullus colocynthis种子油（CCO）合成脂肪酰胺基苯甲酸（FBA），并评估其作为抗药性病原体的替代生物活性剂的安全性。通过简单的化学反应路线合成了FBA，并检查了其对选定的耐药微生物的抗氧化活性和抗菌能力。使用Wistar大鼠还检查了FBA对肝肾功能制造者和氧化应激的影响。借助密度泛函理论（DFT）方法，借助最低未占据分子轨道（LUMO）和最高占据分子轨道（HOMO）来了解FBA的作用。气相色谱（GC）显示CCO中最丰富的脂肪酸为C18：2（55.88％）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和质子核磁共振（1HNMR）的结果证实了FBA的合成，收率为97.10％。FBA表现出抗氧化潜力（IC50为1.96 µg mL-1）以及抗菌效力。FBA的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.026 mg mL-1。在给予高剂量FBA（100 mg kg-1）的大鼠中，诸如丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT），天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST），肌酐，过氧化氢和脂质过氧化等生化参数显着提高。肝脏和肾脏的组织学证实了生化结果。此外，FBA的作用机理可以通过量子化学分析描述为通过亲核相互作用，在电子上可以看作是供体-受体相互作用。这项研究表明，FBA是一种有前途的抗药性，可用于对抗耐药性病原生物。