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The Supplementary Eye Field Tracks Cognitive Efforts
bioRxiv - Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-01-25 , DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.14.426722
Julien Claron , Julie Royo , Fabrice Arcizet , Thomas Deffieux , Mickael Tanter , Pierre Pouget

Pupil dilation is known to be an index of cognitive effort. Nevertheless, our lack of knowledge of the precise dynamics through which pupil size and activity of the medial prefrontal cortex are conjugated during cognitive tasks highlights the need for its further investigation before, during, and after changes in pupil size. Here, we tested whether pupil dynamics are related to the activity of the supplementary eye field (SEF) during a mixed pro/anti-saccade oculomotor task in two macaque monkeys. We used functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) to examine temporal changes in brain activity at the 0.1-s time scale and 0.1-mm spatial resolution in relation to behavioral performance and pupil dynamics. By combining the pupil signals and real-time imaging of NHP during cognitive tasks, we were able to infer localized CBV responses within a restricted part of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, referred to as the SEF, an area in which anti-saccade preparation activity is also recorded. Inversely, SEF neurovascular activity measured by fUS imaging was found to be a robust predictor of specific variations in pupil diameter over short and long time scales. Furthermore, we directly manipulated pupil diameter and CBV in the SEF using reward and cognitive effort. These results demonstrate that the SEF is an underestimated but pivotal cortical area for the monitoring and implementation of cognitive effort signals.

中文翻译:

补充眼场追踪认知活动

瞳孔扩张是认知努力的指标。然而,我们对认知过程中瞳孔大小和内侧前额叶皮层的活动如何结合的精确动力学缺乏了解,突显了需要在瞳孔大小变化之前,之中和之后进行进一步研究。在这里,我们测试了两只猕猴的前/后扫视动眼运动混合任务期间,瞳孔动力学是否与辅助眼场(SEF)的活动有关。我们使用功能超声成像(fUS)来检查脑部活动的时间变化,这些行为在0.1秒的时间尺度和0.1毫米的空间分辨率下与行为表现和瞳孔动力学有关。通过在认知任务期间结合瞳孔信号和NHP的实时成像,我们能够推断出背背前额叶皮层的受限部分(称为SEF)中的局部CBV反应,该区域还记录了抗扫视准备活动。相反,发现通过fUS成像测量的SEF神经血管活性是短时和长时标度瞳孔直径特定变化的有力预测指标。此外,我们使用奖励和认知努力直接在SEF中操纵瞳孔直径和CBV。这些结果表明,SEF是监测和执行认知努力信号的一个被低估但至关重要的皮质区域。发现通过fUS成像测量的SEF神经血管活动是短时和长时标度瞳孔直径特定变化的有力预测指标。此外,我们使用奖励和认知努力直接在SEF中操纵瞳孔直径和CBV。这些结果表明,SEF是监测和执行认知努力信号的一个被低估但至关重要的皮质区域。发现通过fUS成像测量的SEF神经血管活动是短时和长时标度瞳孔直径特定变化的有力预测指标。此外,我们使用奖励和认知努力直接在SEF中操纵瞳孔直径和CBV。这些结果表明,SEF是监测和执行认知努力信号的一个被低估但至关重要的皮质区域。
更新日期:2021-01-25
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