Water eutrophication is a global environmental problem that poses serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The evaluation of eutrophication provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the management and rehabilitation of water ecosystems. In the last four decades, dozens of evaluation methods have been applied to freshwater eutrophication, but there is a clear need to optimize and standardize the most suitable methods. We have addressed this gap by presenting a systematic review of methodologies. Due to the diversity and complexity of water bodies, no single evaluation method was identified that would adequately represent eutrophication under all scenarios. We demonstrate that lakes can best be assessed using the trophic level index (TLI) method, reservoirs and wetlands the trophic state index (TSI) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, respectively, and rivers the FCE method or back propagation (BP) neural network methods. More recently applied methodologies including spectral imaging and 3-D mapping of water quality using underwater gliders allow greater resolution and can be effective in managing waterbodies to avoid future eutrophication. The aim of this review is to guide future studies on the most appropriate methods available for assessing and reporting water eutrophication.

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淡水富营养化分析方法的评述

富营养化是一个全球性环境问题，对水生生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。富营养化评价为水生态系统的管理和恢复提供了理论基础和技术指导。在过去的四十年中，数十种评估方法已应用于淡水富营养化，但是显然需要优化和标准化最合适的方法。我们通过对方法论进行系统的审查来解决这一差距。由于水体的多样性和复杂性，没有一个单一的评估方法能够在所有情况下充分代表富营养化。我们证明了使用营养水平指数（TLI）方法可以最好地评估湖泊，水库和湿地的营养状态指数（TSI）和模糊综合评价（FCE）方法分别为河流和河流的FCE方法或反向传播（BP）神经网络方法。最近应用的方法，包括使用水下滑翔机的光谱成像和水质3-D绘图技术，可以提供更高的分辨率，并且可以有效地管理水体，避免未来发生富营养化。这项审查的目的是指导有关可用于评估和报告水富营养化的最合适方法的未来研究。最近应用的方法，包括使用水下滑翔机的光谱成像和水质3-D绘图技术，可以提供更高的分辨率，并且可以有效地管理水体，避免未来发生富营养化。这项审查的目的是指导有关可用于评估和报告水富营养化的最合适方法的未来研究。最近应用的方法，包括使用水下滑翔机的光谱成像和水质3-D绘图技术，可以提供更高的分辨率，并且可以有效地管理水体，避免未来发生富营养化。这次审查的目的是指导有关可用于评估和报告水富营养化的最合适方法的未来研究。